Repeated insect outbreaks promote multi-cohort aspen mixedwood forests in northern Minnesota, USA

Keyphrases

• Minnesota 100%
• Multi-cohort 100%
• Aspen Mixedwoods 100%
• Mixedwood Forests 100%
• Insect Outbreak 100%
• Defoliation 75%
• Stand Development 50%
• Range of Variability 50%
• Aspen 50%
• Age Structure 25%
• Forest Management 25%
• Forest Type 25%
• Land Use Change 25%
• Forest Disturbance 25%
• Community Dynamics 25%
• Aerial 25%
• Tree Mortality 25%
• Natural Processes 25%
• Spruce Budworm 25%
• Dendrochronology 25%
• Early Harvest 25%
• Shade-tolerant Species 25%
• Populus Tremuloides 25%
• Historical Land Use 25%
• Major Events 25%
• Acer Rubrum 25%
• Picea Glauca 25%
• Abies Balsamea 25%
• Secondary Forest 25%
• Mesic 25%
• Forest Tent Caterpillar 25%
• Malacosoma Disstria 25%
• Stand-replacing Disturbance 25%
• Old-growth Forest 25%
• Pre-settlement 25%
• Forest Management Practices 25%
• Recruitment Period 25%
• Initial Recruitment 25%
• Compositional Complexity 25%
• Canopy Disturbance 25%
• Post-settlement 25%
• Cohort Model 25%
• Stem Exclusion 25%
• Stand Structural Complexity 25%
• Choristoneura Fumiferana 25%
• Disturbance Development 25%
• Mixed-species Groups 25%
• Conservation Strategies 25%
• Management Strategies 25%
• Tent Caterpillar 25%

Agricultural and Biological Sciences

• Populus 100%
• Defoliation 50%
• Forest Management 33%
• Tent Caterpillar 33%
• Retrospective Study 33%
• Stand Development 33%
• Forest Types 16%
• Tree Mortality 16%
• Abies Balsamea 16%
• Acer Rubrum 16%
• Old-Growth Forest 16%
• Dendrochronology 16%
• Picea glauca 16%
• Malacosoma disstria 16%
• Land Use Change 16%
• Populus tremuloides 16%
• Secondary Forest 16%
• White Spruce 16%
• Choristoneura fumiferana 16%
• Choristoneura 16%
• Land Use 16%