Renewable ammonia for islanded energy storage

Ammonia is a promising carbon-neutral, energy-dense fuel to enable long duration storage of renewable energy. This is especially relevant for islanded energy systems that rely entirely on local renewable generation to meet power and heat demands. This paper surveys renewable ammonia production and ammonia-fueled energy generation technologies in terms of recent innovations, economics, and other performance metrics, and their current state of development particularly as it pertains to islanded applications. We then provide insight into recent systems engineering approaches to determining how best to deploy and operate these technologies in islanded renewable ammonia energy systems while also highlighting necessary future research in this area.