Rehabilitative protocols for select patellofemoral procedures and nonoperative management schemes

There is a paucity of evidence-based care protocols for the management of patellofemoral (PF) joint conditions. There remains ambiguity in defining conditions; PF pain, malalignment, instability are intersecting patient cohorts in clinical practice. Treatment should address muscle strength deficits as well as movement pattern dysfunctions frequently observed in association with PF conditions. Quadriceps muscle dysfunction has significant heterogeneity in its etiology. The hip contributes to PF pathology as a consequence of femoral internal rotation and adduction. Inadequate gluteus medius ans maximus muscle performance is associated with kinematic flaws. Various surgical procedures are employed to address PF instability and associated pain patterns. Postoperative progressions should respect specific demands for bony healing, soft tissue healing and/or ligamentous graft incorporation. Symptomatic cartilage lesions may limit return to full function. Physical performance testing activities can be useful to measure patient progress and advise on return to activity/play.