TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of rapid eye movement sleep in the freely moving rat
T2 - Local microinjection of serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine into the brainstem
AU - Datta, Subimal
AU - Mavanji, Vijayakumar
AU - Patterson, Elissa H.
AU - Ulloor, Jagadish
PY - 2003/8/1
Y1 - 2003/8/1
N2 - Study Objectives: Considerable evidence suggests that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is induced by glutamatergic activation of cholinergic cells within the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT). The aim of this study is to test a popular hypothesis that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine act on PPT cells to regulate REM sleep. This study also tests an alternate hypothesis that serotonin may inhibit REM sleep signs by direct action on the individual REM sleep sign generators. Design: Serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine were locally microinjected into the PPT and serotonin was microinjected into the pontine-wave (P-wave) generator (dorsal part of the locus subcoeruleus nucleus) while quantifying the effects on REM sleep and P-wave activity in freely moving rats. Setting: N/A. Participants: N/A. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: Local microinjections of serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine into the PPT did not change REM sleep. Microinjection of serotonin into the P-wave generator suppressed P-wave activity but not REM sleep. Conclusions: The present findings provide direct evidence that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine-induced REM sleep suppression in the behaving rat are not mediated by the PPT. The results also provide direct evidence, for the first time, that serotonin suppresses P-wave activity by acting directly on the P-wave generator. These results suggest that the serotonin-induced inhibition of REM sleep in the freely moving rat is probably not mediated through the mesopontine cholinergic cell compartment but, rather, through individual REM sleep sign generators. Citation: Datta S; Mavanji V; Patterson EH; Ulloor J. Regulation of rapid eye movement sleep in the freely moving rat: local microinjection of Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Adenosine into the brainstem.
AB - Study Objectives: Considerable evidence suggests that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is induced by glutamatergic activation of cholinergic cells within the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT). The aim of this study is to test a popular hypothesis that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine act on PPT cells to regulate REM sleep. This study also tests an alternate hypothesis that serotonin may inhibit REM sleep signs by direct action on the individual REM sleep sign generators. Design: Serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine were locally microinjected into the PPT and serotonin was microinjected into the pontine-wave (P-wave) generator (dorsal part of the locus subcoeruleus nucleus) while quantifying the effects on REM sleep and P-wave activity in freely moving rats. Setting: N/A. Participants: N/A. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: Local microinjections of serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine into the PPT did not change REM sleep. Microinjection of serotonin into the P-wave generator suppressed P-wave activity but not REM sleep. Conclusions: The present findings provide direct evidence that serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine-induced REM sleep suppression in the behaving rat are not mediated by the PPT. The results also provide direct evidence, for the first time, that serotonin suppresses P-wave activity by acting directly on the P-wave generator. These results suggest that the serotonin-induced inhibition of REM sleep in the freely moving rat is probably not mediated through the mesopontine cholinergic cell compartment but, rather, through individual REM sleep sign generators. Citation: Datta S; Mavanji V; Patterson EH; Ulloor J. Regulation of rapid eye movement sleep in the freely moving rat: local microinjection of Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Adenosine into the brainstem.
KW - Adenosine
KW - Freely moving rat
KW - Norepinephrine
KW - Pedunculopontine tegmentum
KW - Pontine-wave
KW - REM sleep
KW - Serotonin
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U2 - 10.1093/sleep/26.5.513
DO - 10.1093/sleep/26.5.513
M3 - Article
C2 - 12938803
AN - SCOPUS:0642371929
SN - 0161-8105
VL - 26
SP - 513
EP - 520
JO - Sleep
JF - Sleep
IS - 5
ER -