Abstract
Myeloid cells (macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes) survey the body for signs of infection and damage and regulate tissue homeostasis, organogenesis, and immunity. They express receptors that initiate the inflammatory response, send signals that alter the vascular and cytokine milieu, and oversee the recruitment, differentiation, and activation of other myeloid and adaptive immune cells. Their activation must therefore be tightly regulated, optimized for maximal innate-immune protection with a minimum of collateral tissue damage or disorganization. In this review we discuss what it means for myeloid cells to become activated, with emphasis on the receptors and signaling molecules important for the recognition of pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. We also outline how these signals are regulated by the steric properties of proteins, by adhesive and cytoskeletal interactions, and by negative feedback to keep inflammation in check and support healthy tissue development and homeostasis. Throughout the text we highlight recent publications and reviews and direct readers therein for a comprehensive bibliography.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 34-42 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Current Opinion in Immunology |
Volume | 73 |
Early online date | Sep 30 2021 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Research in the Freedman Lab is supported by National Institutes of Health awards R01AR073966 (TSF), R03AI130978 (TSF), T32CA009138 (JTG), and T32DA007097 (BFB) and by American Cancer Society – Kirby Foundation postdoctoral fellowship PF-21-068-01-LIB (JTG).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Review
- Journal Article
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't