Abstract
Raptors or birds of prey are an assemblage of avian species representing convergent evolution from diverse lineages, as opposed to distinct taxonomic relationships among major orders. Across species of raptors, the anatomy of the respiratory system does not vary appreciably except in size, and it exhibits the basic avian anatomy and physiology of lungs and air sacs as found in other avian groups. Procedures involving anesthesia in raptors are regularly conducted in dorsal, lateral, and sternal recumbency without marked overt differences in ventilation or manner of managing the anesthetic episode. Inhalant anesthetic agents are the workhorse of avian anesthesia and presently are highly recommended over injectable agents. Benzodiazepines such as diazepam and midazolam have been used successfully for short nonpainful procedures or preanesthetic sedation. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, produces dose-related unconsciousness and analgesia, but with highly variable species-specific results and recoveries characterized by uncontrolled movements.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia |
| Publisher | Wiley |
| Pages | 533-552 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781119539278 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781119539230 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Keywords
- analgesia
- anatomy
- anesthesia
- physiology
- raptors
- ventilation