Rapid increases in overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: Comparison of data from the South African national youth risk behaviour survey in 2002 and 2008

Objectives. To aid future policy and intervention initiatives, we studied the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among participants in the South African National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey in 2002 and 2008. Methods. The survey collected data from nationally representative crosssectional samples of students in grades 8 through 11 (n=9491 in 2002 and 9442 in 2008) by questionnaire and measurement of height and weight. We stratified data on overweight and obesity rates by age, socioeconomic status, and race/ ethnicity. Results. Among male adolescents, overweight rates increased from 6.3% in 2002 to 11.0% in 2008 (P<.01); among female adolescents, overweight rates increased from 24.3% in 2002 to 29.0% in 2008 (P<.01). Obesity rates more than doubled among male adolescents from 1.6% in 2002 to 3.3% in 2008 (P<.01) and rose from 5.0% to 7.5% among female adolescents (P<.01). We observed a dose- response relationship in overweight and obesity rates across socioeconomic categories. Rates of overweight and obesity were significantly higher among urban youths than among rural youths (P<.01). Conclusions. South Africa is experiencing a chronic disease risk transition. Further research is needed to better understand and effectively address this rapid change.