Psychometric equivalence of the computer and booklet forms of the MMPI: A meta-analysis

Inconsistent findings have repeatedly been found by researchers attempting to determine whether the computer form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is psychometrically equivalent to the booklet form. This article applied psychometric meta-analysis to pool results from all available studies to examine the equivalence of the computer and booklet MMPI forms. Means, standard deviations, and crossform correlations were cumulated. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature demonstrated that the disparate findings can be explained in terms of sampling error across individual studies. Differences in means and standard deviations across studies were near 0, and crossform rank orderings were near perfect. The results of this study suggest that the computer and booklet forms of the MMPI are psychometrically equivalent.