Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites

Hyunwoo Kim; Chris Macosko

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038

Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites

Hyunwoo Kim, Chris Macosko

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

653 Scopus citations

Abstract

Polycarbonate composites reinforced with graphite and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were produced using melt compounding. Composite samples with different degrees of graphite orientation were processed via injection, compression molding and long-term annealing. Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering revealed that FGS was nearly exfoliated. However, graphite remained multi-layer even after melt processing. Flow induced orientation of graphite was observed from both injection and compression molded samples. Graphite particles in samples after long-term annealing exhibited more random orientation. Composites with the exfoliated FGS required a smaller amount of reinforcement for rigidity and connectivity percolation, as determined by melt rheology and electrical conductivity measurements. FGS also showed better performance in suppressing gas permeability of polycarbonate. However, improvements by FGS dispersion in tensile modulus and dimensional stability were not as significant. This may be due to defects in the sheet structure formed during oxidation and pyrolysis used to exfoliate.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3797-3809
Number of pages	13
Journal	Polymer
Volume	50
Issue number	15
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038
State	Published - Jul 17 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge research grants from General Motors Corp. and the University of Minnesota Industrial Partnership for Research in Industrial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME). We would like to thank John Lettow of Vorbeck Materials for providing the FGS, Adam Reimnitz for help with melt processing and property measurements, Prof. Michael Tsapatsis at the University of Minnesota for use of the gas permeation apparatus, Mingjun Yuan at Entegris for use of electrical conductivity measurements. Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T. Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program and in the Polymer Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from the NSF funded University of Minnesota MRSEC.

Keywords

Flow orientation
Layered graphite nanocomposites
Melt compounding

Publisher link

10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Cite this

@article{7bd3326329ff494285c4071d7ed3d69f,

title = "Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites",

abstract = "Polycarbonate composites reinforced with graphite and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were produced using melt compounding. Composite samples with different degrees of graphite orientation were processed via injection, compression molding and long-term annealing. Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering revealed that FGS was nearly exfoliated. However, graphite remained multi-layer even after melt processing. Flow induced orientation of graphite was observed from both injection and compression molded samples. Graphite particles in samples after long-term annealing exhibited more random orientation. Composites with the exfoliated FGS required a smaller amount of reinforcement for rigidity and connectivity percolation, as determined by melt rheology and electrical conductivity measurements. FGS also showed better performance in suppressing gas permeability of polycarbonate. However, improvements by FGS dispersion in tensile modulus and dimensional stability were not as significant. This may be due to defects in the sheet structure formed during oxidation and pyrolysis used to exfoliate.",

keywords = "Flow orientation, Layered graphite nanocomposites, Melt compounding",

author = "Hyunwoo Kim and Chris Macosko",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge research grants from General Motors Corp. and the University of Minnesota Industrial Partnership for Research in Industrial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME). We would like to thank John Lettow of Vorbeck Materials for providing the FGS, Adam Reimnitz for help with melt processing and property measurements, Prof. Michael Tsapatsis at the University of Minnesota for use of the gas permeation apparatus, Mingjun Yuan at Entegris for use of electrical conductivity measurements. Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T. Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program and in the Polymer Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from the NSF funded University of Minnesota MRSEC. ",

year = "2009",

month = jul,

day = "17",

doi = "10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "50",

pages = "3797--3809",

journal = "Polymer",

issn = "0032-3861",

number = "15",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites

AU - Kim, Hyunwoo

AU - Macosko, Chris

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge research grants from General Motors Corp. and the University of Minnesota Industrial Partnership for Research in Industrial and Materials Engineering (IPRIME). We would like to thank John Lettow of Vorbeck Materials for providing the FGS, Adam Reimnitz for help with melt processing and property measurements, Prof. Michael Tsapatsis at the University of Minnesota for use of the gas permeation apparatus, Mingjun Yuan at Entegris for use of electrical conductivity measurements. Parts of this work were carried out in the University of Minnesota I.T. Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from NSF through the NNIN program and in the Polymer Characterization Facility, which receives partial support from the NSF funded University of Minnesota MRSEC.

PY - 2009/7/17

Y1 - 2009/7/17

N2 - Polycarbonate composites reinforced with graphite and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were produced using melt compounding. Composite samples with different degrees of graphite orientation were processed via injection, compression molding and long-term annealing. Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering revealed that FGS was nearly exfoliated. However, graphite remained multi-layer even after melt processing. Flow induced orientation of graphite was observed from both injection and compression molded samples. Graphite particles in samples after long-term annealing exhibited more random orientation. Composites with the exfoliated FGS required a smaller amount of reinforcement for rigidity and connectivity percolation, as determined by melt rheology and electrical conductivity measurements. FGS also showed better performance in suppressing gas permeability of polycarbonate. However, improvements by FGS dispersion in tensile modulus and dimensional stability were not as significant. This may be due to defects in the sheet structure formed during oxidation and pyrolysis used to exfoliate.

AB - Polycarbonate composites reinforced with graphite and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were produced using melt compounding. Composite samples with different degrees of graphite orientation were processed via injection, compression molding and long-term annealing. Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering revealed that FGS was nearly exfoliated. However, graphite remained multi-layer even after melt processing. Flow induced orientation of graphite was observed from both injection and compression molded samples. Graphite particles in samples after long-term annealing exhibited more random orientation. Composites with the exfoliated FGS required a smaller amount of reinforcement for rigidity and connectivity percolation, as determined by melt rheology and electrical conductivity measurements. FGS also showed better performance in suppressing gas permeability of polycarbonate. However, improvements by FGS dispersion in tensile modulus and dimensional stability were not as significant. This may be due to defects in the sheet structure formed during oxidation and pyrolysis used to exfoliate.

KW - Flow orientation

KW - Layered graphite nanocomposites

KW - Melt compounding

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67650085387&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=67650085387&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038

DO - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.038

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:67650085387

SN - 0032-3861

VL - 50

SP - 3797

EP - 3809

JO - Polymer

JF - Polymer

IS - 15

ER -

Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this