Presolar grains from novae: Evidence from neon and helium isotopes in comet dust collections

Presolar grains in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles carry non-solar isotopic signatures pointing to origins in supernovae, giant stars, and possibly other stellar sources. There have been suggestions that some of these grains condensed in the ejecta of classical nova outbursts, but the evidence is ambiguous. We report neon and helium compositions in particles captured on stratospheric collectors flown to sample materials from comets 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup and 55P/Tempel-Tuttle that point to condensation of their gas carriers in the ejecta of a neon (ONe) nova. The absence of detectable ³He in these particles indicates space exposure to solar wind irradiation of a few decades at most, consistent with origins in cometary dust streams. Measured ⁴He/²⁰Ne, ²⁰Ne/ ²²Ne, ²¹Ne/²²Ne, and ²⁰Ne/ ²¹Ne isotope ratios, and a low upper limit on ³He/ ⁴He, are in accord with calculations of nucleosynthesis in neon nova outbursts. Of these, the uniquely low ⁴He/²⁰Ne and high ²⁰Ne/²²Ne ratios are the most diagnostic, reflecting the large predicted ²⁰Ne abundances in the ejecta of such novae. The correspondence of measured Ne and He compositions in cometary matter with theoretical predictions is evidence for the presence of presolar grains from novae in the early solar system.