Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study

Meghana D. Gadgil; Katherine H. Ingram; Duke Appiah; Jessica Rudd; Kara M. Whitaker; Wendy L. Bennett; James M. Shikany; David R. Jacobs; Cora E. Lewis; Erica P. Gunderson

doi:10.3390/ijerph192114142

Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study

Meghana D. Gadgil, Katherine H. Ingram, Duke Appiah, Jessica Rudd, Kara M. Whitaker, Wendy L. Bennett, James M. Shikany, David R. Jacobs, Cora E. Lewis, Erica P. Gunderson

Epidemiology & Community Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	14142
Journal	International journal of environmental research and public health
Volume	19
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114142
State	Published - Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by NIDDK grant number K23DK119404. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). Longitudinal pregnancy datasets utilized for the analyses were supported by R01 DK090047 (Gunderson, PI) from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

diet quality
gestational diabetes
nutrition
pregnancy
protein

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Publisher link

10.3390/ijerph192114142

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Cite this

Gadgil, M. D., Ingram, K. H., Appiah, D., Rudd, J., Whitaker, K. M., Bennett, W. L., Shikany, J. M., Jacobs, D. R., Lewis, C. E., & Gunderson, E. P. (2022). Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(21), Article 14142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114142

Gadgil, MD, Ingram, KH, Appiah, D, Rudd, J, Whitaker, KM, Bennett, WL, Shikany, JM, Jacobs, DR, Lewis, CE & Gunderson, EP 2022, 'Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study', International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 19, no. 21, 14142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114142

@article{fc94bed42dc04162a371c738a2b66740,

title = "Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study",

abstract = "Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.",

keywords = "diet quality, gestational diabetes, nutrition, pregnancy, protein",

author = "Gadgil, {Meghana D.} and Ingram, {Katherine H.} and Duke Appiah and Jessica Rudd and Whitaker, {Kara M.} and Bennett, {Wendy L.} and Shikany, {James M.} and Jacobs, {David R.} and Lewis, {Cora E.} and Gunderson, {Erica P.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by NIDDK grant number K23DK119404. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). Longitudinal pregnancy datasets utilized for the analyses were supported by R01 DK090047 (Gunderson, PI) from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

doi = "10.3390/ijerph192114142",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "19",

journal = "International journal of environmental research and public health",

issn = "1661-7827",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "21",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study

AU - Gadgil, Meghana D.

AU - Ingram, Katherine H.

AU - Appiah, Duke

AU - Rudd, Jessica

AU - Whitaker, Kara M.

AU - Bennett, Wendy L.

AU - Shikany, James M.

AU - Jacobs, David R.

AU - Lewis, Cora E.

AU - Gunderson, Erica P.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by NIDDK grant number K23DK119404. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (HHSN268201800005I & HHSN268201800007I), Northwestern University (HHSN268201800003I), University of Minnesota (HHSN268201800006I), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (HHSN268201800004I). Longitudinal pregnancy datasets utilized for the analyses were supported by R01 DK090047 (Gunderson, PI) from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/11

Y1 - 2022/11

N2 - Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.

AB - Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.

KW - diet quality

KW - gestational diabetes

KW - nutrition

KW - pregnancy

KW - protein

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141858858&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85141858858&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijerph192114142

DO - 10.3390/ijerph192114142

M3 - Article

C2 - 36361016

AN - SCOPUS:85141858858

SN - 1661-7827

VL - 19

JO - International journal of environmental research and public health

JF - International journal of environmental research and public health

IS - 21

M1 - 14142

ER -

Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this