Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography purification of polyunsaturated phospholipids and characterization using ultraviolet derivative spectroscopy

A preparative reversed-phase HPLC system utilizing an isocratic mobile phase to purify up to 10-mg quantities of phospholipids is described. The method was developed to separate oxidation products of polyunsaturated phospholipids from intact, parent lipids. The method is useful for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine on a preparative scale and for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid on an analytical scale. Both intact phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids were monitored by absorbance at 206 nm. The oxidation products were simultaneously monitored at 234 nm where the intact phospholipids have only a very slight end absorption. Second-derivative uv spectroscopy proved to be extremely useful to identify the presence or to verify the absence of oxidation products in phospholipid samples. For autoxidized docosahexaenoic acid containing phospholipids, the absorbance maximum of dience oxidation products is 237 nm for the trans,trans (t,t) isomer and 246 nm for the cis,trans (c,t) isomers. Similarly, five classes of trience oxidation product stereoisomers have distinct absorbance maxima detected by second-derivative spectroscopy ranging from 269 to 292 nm.