Potential biomarkers of human salivary function: A modified proteomic approach

J. D. Rudney, R. K. Staikov, J. D. Johnson

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69 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: In previous studies, we defined groups of subjects with opposite salivary function. Group membership was associated with clinically relevant outcomes. High aggregation-adherence (HAA) groups showed lower levels of caries, supragingival plaque, total streptococci, and Tannerella forsythensis than low high aggregation-adherence (LAA) groups. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to search for biomarkers which could be useful as risk indicators for those outcomes. Design: Clarified resting whole saliva from each of 41 HAA and LAA subjects was separated by preparative isoelectric focusing. Fractions showing the most distinctive protein profiles were pooled into four sets (pI 3-3.5, pI 4-4.7, pI 5.7-7.7, pI 10-11.5). Each pool then was compared by SDS-PAGE. Image analysis software was used to quantify matched bands. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) was used to determine which of the 65 bands from all four pools were the best predictors of group membership, caries, total plaque, total streptococci, and T. forsythensis counts. Those bands were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS-MS). Results: Two bands consistently were strong predictors in separate PLS analyses of each outcome variable. In follow-up univariate analyses, those bands showed the strongest significant differences between the HAA and LAA groups. They also showed significant inverse correlations with caries and all the microbiological variables. MSMS identified those bands as statherin, and a truncated cystatin S missing the first eight N-terminal amino acids. Conclusions: Levels of statherin and truncated cystatin S may be potential risk indicators for the development of caries and other oral diseases.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)91-100
Number of pages10
JournalArchives of Oral Biology
Volume54
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by Public Health Service Grant 2 R01 DE 07233 from the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA. We thank Dr. Subhalakshmi Giridharagopalan for her assistance in running SDS–PAGE gels, and Dr. Bruce Witthuhn of the University of Minnesota Proteome Analysis Core Facility and Dr. Suddha Marimanikkuppam of the University of Minnesota Center for Mass Spectrometry for their assistance in the identification of target proteins.

Keywords

  • Biomarkers
  • Cystatin S
  • Dental biofilm
  • Dental caries
  • Proteomics
  • Salivary proteins
  • Statherin
  • Streptococci
  • Tannerella forsythensis

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