Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia

Julie Brigham-Grette; Martin Melles; Pavel Minyuk; Andrei Andreev; Pavel Tarasov; Robert DeConto; Sebastian Koenig; Norbert Nowaczyk; Volker Wennrich; Peter Rosén; Eeva Haltia; Tim Cook; Catalina Gebhardt; Carsten Meyer-Jacob; Jeff Snyder; Ulrike Herzschuh

doi:10.1126/science.1233137

Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia

Julie Brigham-Grette, Martin Melles, Pavel Minyuk, Andrei Andreev, Pavel Tarasov, Robert DeConto, Sebastian Koenig, Norbert Nowaczyk, Volker Wennrich, Peter Rosén, Eeva Haltia, Tim Cook, Catalina Gebhardt, Carsten Meyer-Jacob, Jeff Snyder, Ulrike Herzschuh

Continental Scientific Drilling Facility

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213 Scopus citations

Abstract

Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ∼8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO₂ was ∼400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ∼2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1421-1427
Number of pages	7
Journal	Science
Volume	340
Issue number	6139
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1233137
State	Published - 2013

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Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Brigham-Grette, J., Melles, M., Minyuk, P., Andreev, A., Tarasov, P., DeConto, R., Koenig, S., Nowaczyk, N., Wennrich, V., Rosén, P., Haltia, E., Cook, T., Gebhardt, C., Meyer-Jacob, C., Snyder, J., & Herzschuh, U. (2013). Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia. Science, 340(6139), 1421-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1233137

Brigham-Grette, J, Melles, M, Minyuk, P, Andreev, A, Tarasov, P, DeConto, R, Koenig, S, Nowaczyk, N, Wennrich, V, Rosén, P, Haltia, E, Cook, T, Gebhardt, C, Meyer-Jacob, C, Snyder, J & Herzschuh, U 2013, 'Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia', Science, vol. 340, no. 6139, pp. 1421-1427. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1233137

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abstract = "Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ∼8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ∼400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ∼2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.",

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AU - Tarasov, Pavel

AU - DeConto, Robert

AU - Koenig, Sebastian

AU - Nowaczyk, Norbert

AU - Wennrich, Volker

AU - Rosén, Peter

AU - Haltia, Eeva

AU - Cook, Tim

AU - Gebhardt, Catalina

AU - Meyer-Jacob, Carsten

AU - Snyder, Jeff

AU - Herzschuh, Ulrike

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AB - Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ∼8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ∼400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ∼2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.

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Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia

Abstract

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