TY - JOUR
T1 - Photochemical Generation of Reactive Transition-Metal Intermediates from Air-Stable Precursors. Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation via Near-Ultraviolet Photolysis of CpIr(L) (oxalate) and CpIr(L)(N3)2 Complexes
AU - Freedman, Daniel A.
AU - Mann, Kent R
PY - 1991/2/1
Y1 - 1991/2/1
N2 - We have synthesized several new oxalate and azide complexes of the form CpIr(Ox)L (Cp = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, Ox = oxalate and L = P(Me)3, P(Cy)3) and CpIr(N3)2L (L = P(Me)3, P(Ph)3, P(Cy)3, and r-BuNC) respectively. Upon photolysis, these complexes undergo reactions that result in the elimination of CO2 or N2 to give reactive intermediates that undergo net oxidative-addition reactions with C-H and C-Cl bonds. We have observed either intermolecular (reaction with solvent) or intramolecular (reaction with a ligand bond) oxidative addition to the Ir center. For photolysis of the azide complexes in benzene solutions, the mode of reaction is determined by L. An exclusively intermolecular reaction is observed when L = P(Me)3, while products indicative of inter- and intramolecular reactivity are observed with P(Ph)3. The P(Cy)3 complexes produce two different orthomctalated complexes we identify as the cis and trans isomers, which arise from activation of either the axial or equatorial hydrogen on the a carbon of a cyclohexyl ring. Photolysis of the oxalate complexes in CC14, CHC13, or CH2C12 produces the corresponding dichloride. For the photolysis of CpIr(Ox)(P(Me)3) in CHC13 and CH2Cl2, intermediates are observed. These intermediates result from the initial oxidative addition of C-Cl bonds of the solvent. The quantum yields for the oxalate photochemical reactions with halocarbons are in the range 0.02-0.28. For the azide complexes, the identity of L has little effect on the quantum yield. Similar quantum yields are observed for reaction in C6H6, CHCI3, and CH2C12; substantially larger quantum yields arc observed for CCI4 solutions. In the case of the oxalate complexes, the quantum yield correlates inversely with the hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvent, resulting in the curious quantum yield ordering CHC13 ≈ CH2Cl2 < C6H6. IR spectral data indicate significant shifts for the v(CO) frequencies of the oxalate bands in solvents of even moderate H-bonding ability. We suggest that H-bonding enhances nonradiative excited-state decay, which controls the quantum yields of the oxalate complexes. The enhanced reactivity observed for the azide and oxalate complexes in CC14 is due to an electron-transfer mechanism from the photogenerated excited state to the solvent.
AB - We have synthesized several new oxalate and azide complexes of the form CpIr(Ox)L (Cp = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, Ox = oxalate and L = P(Me)3, P(Cy)3) and CpIr(N3)2L (L = P(Me)3, P(Ph)3, P(Cy)3, and r-BuNC) respectively. Upon photolysis, these complexes undergo reactions that result in the elimination of CO2 or N2 to give reactive intermediates that undergo net oxidative-addition reactions with C-H and C-Cl bonds. We have observed either intermolecular (reaction with solvent) or intramolecular (reaction with a ligand bond) oxidative addition to the Ir center. For photolysis of the azide complexes in benzene solutions, the mode of reaction is determined by L. An exclusively intermolecular reaction is observed when L = P(Me)3, while products indicative of inter- and intramolecular reactivity are observed with P(Ph)3. The P(Cy)3 complexes produce two different orthomctalated complexes we identify as the cis and trans isomers, which arise from activation of either the axial or equatorial hydrogen on the a carbon of a cyclohexyl ring. Photolysis of the oxalate complexes in CC14, CHC13, or CH2C12 produces the corresponding dichloride. For the photolysis of CpIr(Ox)(P(Me)3) in CHC13 and CH2Cl2, intermediates are observed. These intermediates result from the initial oxidative addition of C-Cl bonds of the solvent. The quantum yields for the oxalate photochemical reactions with halocarbons are in the range 0.02-0.28. For the azide complexes, the identity of L has little effect on the quantum yield. Similar quantum yields are observed for reaction in C6H6, CHCI3, and CH2C12; substantially larger quantum yields arc observed for CCI4 solutions. In the case of the oxalate complexes, the quantum yield correlates inversely with the hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvent, resulting in the curious quantum yield ordering CHC13 ≈ CH2Cl2 < C6H6. IR spectral data indicate significant shifts for the v(CO) frequencies of the oxalate bands in solvents of even moderate H-bonding ability. We suggest that H-bonding enhances nonradiative excited-state decay, which controls the quantum yields of the oxalate complexes. The enhanced reactivity observed for the azide and oxalate complexes in CC14 is due to an electron-transfer mechanism from the photogenerated excited state to the solvent.
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U2 - 10.1021/ic00004a043
DO - 10.1021/ic00004a043
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0001080923
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 30
SP - 836
EP - 840
JO - Inorganic chemistry
JF - Inorganic chemistry
IS - 4
ER -