Pheromonal and reproductive function of F prostaglandins and their metabolites in teleost fish

Although the function of prostaglandins in fish reproduction has not been well studied, it is becoming increasingly clear that prostaglandin F(2α) or a compound closely resembling it serves three critical roles mediating reproductive activities in teleost fish. First, it appears to play a paracrine role in the ovary stimulating and/or modulating follicular rupture. Second, circulating levels of F prostaglandins rise at the time of ovulation and travel to the brain where they elicit female sexual behavior. Third, recent studies indicate that F prostaglandin is metabolized and released to the water where it functions as a sex pheromone stimulating male sexual behavior. Although these roles have been best characterized in the goldfish, ongoing studies indicate that metabolites of prostaglandin F(2α) may commonly function as pheromones in many fish. Many questions remain about the identity(ies), origins, and species-specificity of the prostaglandin pheromone.