TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric headaches
T2 - A meta-analysis
AU - El-Chammas, Khalil
AU - Keyes, Jill
AU - Thompson, Nathan
AU - Vijayakumar, Jayanthi
AU - Becher, Dorothy
AU - Jackson, Jeffrey L.
PY - 2013/3
Y1 - 2013/3
N2 - Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prophylactic headache treatment in children and adolescents. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials, and bibliography of retrieved articles through August 11, 2012. Study Selection: Randomized trials of headache treatment among children and adolescents (<18 years old). Intervention: Any placebo-controlled trial or comparisons between 2 or more active medications. Main Outcome Measure: Number of headaches per month. Results: Among 21 included trials, there were 13 placebocontrolled and 10 active comparator trials (2 also included placebo). Twenty trials focused on episodic migraines and 1 on chronic daily headaches. Drugs more effective than placebo for episodic migraines (<15 headaches per month) included topiramate (difference in headaches per month, -0.71; 95% CI, -1.19 to -0.24) and trazodone (-0.60; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.11). Ineffective drugs included clonidine, flunarizine, pizotifen, propranolol, and valproate. A single trial of fluoxetine for chronic daily headaches found it ineffective. Patients given placebo experienced a significant (P=.03) decline in headaches, from 5.6 (95% CI, 4.52-6.77; Q=8.14 [Cochran Q is a measure of the heterogeneity of the included studies]) to 2.9 headaches per month (95% CI, 1.66-4.08; Q=4.72). Amongthe 10 active comparator trials, flunarizine was more effective than piracetam (difference in headaches per month, -2.20; 95% CI,-3.93 to-0.47) but no better than aspirin, dihydroergotamine, or propranolol. Propranolol was compared with valproate as well as behavioral treatment, and 2 studies compared different doses of topiramate; none of these trials showed significant differences. Conclusions: Topiramate and trazodone have limited evidence supporting efficacy for episodic migraines. Placebo was effective in reducing headaches. Other commonly used drugs have no evidence supporting their use in children and adolescents. More research is needed.
AB - Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prophylactic headache treatment in children and adolescents. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Clinical Trials, and bibliography of retrieved articles through August 11, 2012. Study Selection: Randomized trials of headache treatment among children and adolescents (<18 years old). Intervention: Any placebo-controlled trial or comparisons between 2 or more active medications. Main Outcome Measure: Number of headaches per month. Results: Among 21 included trials, there were 13 placebocontrolled and 10 active comparator trials (2 also included placebo). Twenty trials focused on episodic migraines and 1 on chronic daily headaches. Drugs more effective than placebo for episodic migraines (<15 headaches per month) included topiramate (difference in headaches per month, -0.71; 95% CI, -1.19 to -0.24) and trazodone (-0.60; 95% CI, -1.09 to -0.11). Ineffective drugs included clonidine, flunarizine, pizotifen, propranolol, and valproate. A single trial of fluoxetine for chronic daily headaches found it ineffective. Patients given placebo experienced a significant (P=.03) decline in headaches, from 5.6 (95% CI, 4.52-6.77; Q=8.14 [Cochran Q is a measure of the heterogeneity of the included studies]) to 2.9 headaches per month (95% CI, 1.66-4.08; Q=4.72). Amongthe 10 active comparator trials, flunarizine was more effective than piracetam (difference in headaches per month, -2.20; 95% CI,-3.93 to-0.47) but no better than aspirin, dihydroergotamine, or propranolol. Propranolol was compared with valproate as well as behavioral treatment, and 2 studies compared different doses of topiramate; none of these trials showed significant differences. Conclusions: Topiramate and trazodone have limited evidence supporting efficacy for episodic migraines. Placebo was effective in reducing headaches. Other commonly used drugs have no evidence supporting their use in children and adolescents. More research is needed.
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U2 - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.508
DO - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.508
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23358935
AN - SCOPUS:84874876529
SN - 2168-6203
VL - 167
SP - 250
EP - 258
JO - JAMA Pediatrics
JF - JAMA Pediatrics
IS - 3
ER -