Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota

Jeffrey R. Bishop; R. Stephanie Huang; Jacob T. Brown; Pawel Mroz; Steven G. Johnson; Josiah D. Allen; Suzette J. Bielinski; Julie England; Joel F. Farley; David Gregornik; Jyothsna Giri; Christine Kroger; Susie E. Long; Tiana Luczak; Erin J. McGonagle; Sisi Ma; Eric T. Matey; Pinar K. Mandic; Ann M. Moyer; Wayne T. Nicholson; Natasha Petry; Pamala A. Pawloski; Allyson Schlichte; Stephen W. Schondelmeyer; Randall D. Seifert; Marilyn K. Speedie; David Stenehjem; Robert J. Straka; Jason Wachtl; Stephen C. Waring; Brian Van Ness; Heather A. Zierhut; Constantin Aliferis; Susan M. Wolf; Catherine A. McCarty; Pamala A. Jacobson

doi:10.2217/pgs-2021-0058

Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota

Jeffrey R. Bishop, R. Stephanie Huang, Jacob T. Brown, Pawel Mroz, Steven G. Johnson, Josiah D. Allen, Suzette J. Bielinski, Julie England, Joel F. Farley, David Gregornik, Jyothsna Giri, Christine Kroger, Susie E. Long, Tiana Luczak, Erin J. McGonagle, Sisi Ma, Eric T. Matey, Pinar K. Mandic, Ann M. Moyer, Wayne T. NicholsonNatasha Petry, Pamala A. Pawloski, Allyson Schlichte, Stephen W. Schondelmeyer, Randall D. Seifert, Marilyn K. Speedie, David Stenehjem, Robert J. Straka, Jason Wachtl, Stephen C. Waring, Brian Van Ness, Heather A. Zierhut, Constantin Aliferis, Susan M. Wolf, Catherine A. McCarty, Pamala A. Jacobson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Several healthcare organizations across Minnesota have developed formal pharmacogenomic (PGx) clinical programs to increase drug safety and effectiveness. Healthcare professional and student education is strong and there are multiple opportunities in the state for learners to gain workforce skills and develop advanced competency in PGx. Implementation planning is occurring at several organizations and others have incorporated structured utilization of PGx into routine workflows. Laboratory-based and translational PGx research in Minnesota has driven important discoveries in several therapeutic areas. This article reviews the state of PGx activities in Minnesota including educational programs, research, national consortia involvement, technology, clinical implementation and utilization and reimbursement, and outlines the challenges and opportunities in equitable implementation of these advances.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	681-691
Number of pages	11
Journal	Pharmacogenomics
Volume	22
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2021-0058
State	Published - Jul 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota’s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative’s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis, McCarty, Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AHRQ, PCORI or Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program. In the past 36 months, JD Allen has served as a consultant for the following companies: 23andMe, Clarigent Health, Inagene, Tempus Labs, Translational Software. JF Farley has received financial support for consulting provided to Takeda and receives grant support through the University of Minnesota for research funded by Astra Zeneca. J England is an employee of OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic Laboratory provides pharmacogenetic testing. Mayo Clinic has stock ownership in and has licensed intellectual property to OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic also receives royalties from Assurex Health. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Funding Information:
MN has numerous strengths in PGx. These include many educational opportunities for professional and graduate students as well as established healthcare professionals, a diverse body of research across the translational spectrum, business development, and representation on national consortia. Clinical PGx programs are established at some institutions, but there are barriers that limit widespread implementation. A statewide Grand Challenge Research Initiative supported by the UMN aims to advance PGx utilization and education, and to make PGx more accessible to rural and underrepresented populations. Next steps will include: developing a community of PGx practice that collaborates to build knowledge and skills; creating a shareable statewide CDS system to facilitate equitable access to evidence-based resources and accurate interpretation of results; building a structure to allow portability of clinical PGx results to reduce unnecessary retesting; training health professionals to deliver patient and provider education; and the development of a data shelter to support future discovery PGx research. Collectively these next steps align with a broad vision for PGx in MN to make evidence-based testing and educational resources accessible to those who need them, and that this will be supported by a knowledgebase that continues to be informed by collaborative research and professional connectivity across the state.

Funding Information:
Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota?s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative?s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis,McCarty,Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health?s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Future Medicine Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Minnesota
implementation
pharmacogenomics

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10.2217/pgs-2021-0058

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Bishop, J. R., Huang, R. S., Brown, J. T., Mroz, P., Johnson, S. G., Allen, J. D., Bielinski, S. J., England, J., Farley, J. F., Gregornik, D., Giri, J., Kroger, C., Long, S. E., Luczak, T., McGonagle, E. J., Ma, S., Matey, E. T., Mandic, P. K., Moyer, A. M., ... Jacobson, P. A. (2021). Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota. Pharmacogenomics, 22(11), 681-691. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2021-0058

Bishop, JR , Huang, RS , Brown, JT, Mroz, P, Johnson, SG, Allen, JD, Bielinski, SJ, England, J, Farley, JF, Gregornik, D, Giri, J, Kroger, C, Long, SE, Luczak, T, McGonagle, EJ, Ma, S, Matey, ET, Mandic, PK, Moyer, AM, Nicholson, WT, Petry, N, Pawloski, PA, Schlichte, A, Schondelmeyer, SW , Seifert, RD, Speedie, MK, Stenehjem, D , Straka, RJ, Wachtl, J, Waring, SC, Ness, BV, Zierhut, HA , Aliferis, C , Wolf, SM , McCarty, CA & Jacobson, PA 2021, 'Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota', Pharmacogenomics, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 681-691. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2021-0058

@article{acb1b2bcb78043599c9f71b8a5893c70,

title = "Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota",

abstract = "Several healthcare organizations across Minnesota have developed formal pharmacogenomic (PGx) clinical programs to increase drug safety and effectiveness. Healthcare professional and student education is strong and there are multiple opportunities in the state for learners to gain workforce skills and develop advanced competency in PGx. Implementation planning is occurring at several organizations and others have incorporated structured utilization of PGx into routine workflows. Laboratory-based and translational PGx research in Minnesota has driven important discoveries in several therapeutic areas. This article reviews the state of PGx activities in Minnesota including educational programs, research, national consortia involvement, technology, clinical implementation and utilization and reimbursement, and outlines the challenges and opportunities in equitable implementation of these advances.",

keywords = "Minnesota, implementation, pharmacogenomics",

author = "Bishop, {Jeffrey R.} and Huang, {R. Stephanie} and Brown, {Jacob T.} and Pawel Mroz and Johnson, {Steven G.} and Allen, {Josiah D.} and Bielinski, {Suzette J.} and Julie England and Farley, {Joel F.} and David Gregornik and Jyothsna Giri and Christine Kroger and Long, {Susie E.} and Tiana Luczak and McGonagle, {Erin J.} and Sisi Ma and Matey, {Eric T.} and Mandic, {Pinar K.} and Moyer, {Ann M.} and Nicholson, {Wayne T.} and Natasha Petry and Pawloski, {Pamala A.} and Allyson Schlichte and Schondelmeyer, {Stephen W.} and Seifert, {Randall D.} and Speedie, {Marilyn K.} and David Stenehjem and Straka, {Robert J.} and Jason Wachtl and Waring, {Stephen C.} and Ness, {Brian Van} and Zierhut, {Heather A.} and Constantin Aliferis and Wolf, {Susan M.} and McCarty, {Catherine A.} and Jacobson, {Pamala A.}",

note = "Funding Information: Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota{\textquoteright}s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative{\textquoteright}s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis, McCarty, Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health{\textquoteright}s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AHRQ, PCORI or Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program. In the past 36 months, JD Allen has served as a consultant for the following companies: 23andMe, Clarigent Health, Inagene, Tempus Labs, Translational Software. JF Farley has received financial support for consulting provided to Takeda and receives grant support through the University of Minnesota for research funded by Astra Zeneca. J England is an employee of OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic Laboratory provides pharmacogenetic testing. Mayo Clinic has stock ownership in and has licensed intellectual property to OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic also receives royalties from Assurex Health. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. Funding Information: MN has numerous strengths in PGx. These include many educational opportunities for professional and graduate students as well as established healthcare professionals, a diverse body of research across the translational spectrum, business development, and representation on national consortia. Clinical PGx programs are established at some institutions, but there are barriers that limit widespread implementation. A statewide Grand Challenge Research Initiative supported by the UMN aims to advance PGx utilization and education, and to make PGx more accessible to rural and underrepresented populations. Next steps will include: developing a community of PGx practice that collaborates to build knowledge and skills; creating a shareable statewide CDS system to facilitate equitable access to evidence-based resources and accurate interpretation of results; building a structure to allow portability of clinical PGx results to reduce unnecessary retesting; training health professionals to deliver patient and provider education; and the development of a data shelter to support future discovery PGx research. Collectively these next steps align with a broad vision for PGx in MN to make evidence-based testing and educational resources accessible to those who need them, and that this will be supported by a knowledgebase that continues to be informed by collaborative research and professional connectivity across the state. Funding Information: Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota?s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative?s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis,McCarty,Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health?s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Future Medicine Ltd.. All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

month = jul,

doi = "10.2217/pgs-2021-0058",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "22",

pages = "681--691",

journal = "Pharmacogenomics",

issn = "1462-2416",

publisher = "Future Medicine Ltd.",

number = "11",

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T1 - Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota

AU - Bishop, Jeffrey R.

AU - Huang, R. Stephanie

AU - Brown, Jacob T.

AU - Mroz, Pawel

AU - Johnson, Steven G.

AU - Allen, Josiah D.

AU - Bielinski, Suzette J.

AU - England, Julie

AU - Farley, Joel F.

AU - Gregornik, David

AU - Giri, Jyothsna

AU - Kroger, Christine

AU - Long, Susie E.

AU - Luczak, Tiana

AU - McGonagle, Erin J.

AU - Ma, Sisi

AU - Matey, Eric T.

AU - Mandic, Pinar K.

AU - Moyer, Ann M.

AU - Nicholson, Wayne T.

AU - Petry, Natasha

AU - Pawloski, Pamala A.

AU - Schlichte, Allyson

AU - Schondelmeyer, Stephen W.

AU - Seifert, Randall D.

AU - Speedie, Marilyn K.

AU - Stenehjem, David

AU - Straka, Robert J.

AU - Wachtl, Jason

AU - Waring, Stephen C.

AU - Ness, Brian Van

AU - Zierhut, Heather A.

AU - Aliferis, Constantin

AU - Wolf, Susan M.

AU - McCarty, Catherine A.

AU - Jacobson, Pamala A.

N1 - Funding Information: Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota’s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative’s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis, McCarty, Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AHRQ, PCORI or Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program. In the past 36 months, JD Allen has served as a consultant for the following companies: 23andMe, Clarigent Health, Inagene, Tempus Labs, Translational Software. JF Farley has received financial support for consulting provided to Takeda and receives grant support through the University of Minnesota for research funded by Astra Zeneca. J England is an employee of OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic Laboratory provides pharmacogenetic testing. Mayo Clinic has stock ownership in and has licensed intellectual property to OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic also receives royalties from Assurex Health. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. Funding Information: MN has numerous strengths in PGx. These include many educational opportunities for professional and graduate students as well as established healthcare professionals, a diverse body of research across the translational spectrum, business development, and representation on national consortia. Clinical PGx programs are established at some institutions, but there are barriers that limit widespread implementation. A statewide Grand Challenge Research Initiative supported by the UMN aims to advance PGx utilization and education, and to make PGx more accessible to rural and underrepresented populations. Next steps will include: developing a community of PGx practice that collaborates to build knowledge and skills; creating a shareable statewide CDS system to facilitate equitable access to evidence-based resources and accurate interpretation of results; building a structure to allow portability of clinical PGx results to reduce unnecessary retesting; training health professionals to deliver patient and provider education; and the development of a data shelter to support future discovery PGx research. Collectively these next steps align with a broad vision for PGx in MN to make evidence-based testing and educational resources accessible to those who need them, and that this will be supported by a knowledgebase that continues to be informed by collaborative research and professional connectivity across the state. Funding Information: Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota?s Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative?s Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis,McCarty,Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health?s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Future Medicine Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/7

Y1 - 2021/7

N2 - Several healthcare organizations across Minnesota have developed formal pharmacogenomic (PGx) clinical programs to increase drug safety and effectiveness. Healthcare professional and student education is strong and there are multiple opportunities in the state for learners to gain workforce skills and develop advanced competency in PGx. Implementation planning is occurring at several organizations and others have incorporated structured utilization of PGx into routine workflows. Laboratory-based and translational PGx research in Minnesota has driven important discoveries in several therapeutic areas. This article reviews the state of PGx activities in Minnesota including educational programs, research, national consortia involvement, technology, clinical implementation and utilization and reimbursement, and outlines the challenges and opportunities in equitable implementation of these advances.

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Pharmacogenomics education, research and clinical implementation in the state of Minnesota

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