Pharmacist homicides in the United States: A retrospective review of NVDRS data from 2003 to 2020

Purpose: Workplace and work-related violence are growing concerns in the healthcare community and among healthcare professionals. A gap exists in our understanding of the most extreme form of violence, homicide, against pharmacists and the contributing factors leading to their tragic deaths. The objective of this study was to identify homicides of pharmacists and characterize potential patterns, including, but not limited to, the connection to pharmacists' work. Methods: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) were analyzed to explore the number and characteristics of homicides of pharmacists that occurred between 2003 and 2020. Results: Between 2003 and 2020, 33 homicides of pharmacists were reported to the NVDRS. A slight majority (n = 17, 52%) of victims were female. Six (18%) were determined to be workplace or work-related homicides; only 2 homicides were related to the work of a pharmacist. Nearly two-thirds (n = 21, 64%) were perpetrated with a firearm. The suspects for most of these homicides were male (n = 28, 85%), and many were either a current or former partner of the decedent (n = 14, 42%). Conclusion: In the US, homicides of pharmacists occur infrequently relative to the general population. Homicides in pharmacists' workplaces are uncommon, and homicides of pharmacists appear to be tied most often to domestic violence and firearms.