Persistence of nevirapine exposure during the postpartum period after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine in addition to zidovudine prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1

Tim R. Cressey, Gonzague Jourdain, Marc J. Lallemant, Suparat Kunkeaw, J. Brooks Jackson, Philippa Musoke, Edmund Capparelli, Mark Mirochnick

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79 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To determine nevirapine (NVP) plasma levels during the postpartum period after a single intrapartum NVP dose for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Methods: Plasma samples at delivery and during days 8 to 45 postpartum were obtained from HIV-infected Thai women who received an intrapartum NVP dose in the Perinatal HIV Prevention Clinical Trial-2 (PHPT-2) for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. These data were combined with NVP concentration data from 2 phase 1 studies of NVP for a population analysis. Results: The median NVP level fell to 68 ng/mL (range: <50-228, n = 43) 8 to 14 days after dosing and to 51 ng/mL (range: <50-166, n = 25) between 15 and 21 days. During the second and third weeks postpartum, NVP levels were below the limit of quantitation in 23% and 44% of samples, respectively. Between 21 and 45 days, no sample had a quantifiable NVP concentration. A simulation derived from the population analysis predicts that NVP concentration falls to less than 10 ng/mL in 5% of women by 11 days, in 50% of women by 17.5 days, and in 95% of women by 28 days. Conclusions: Significant NVP concentrations remained for up to 20 days in these Thai women. To ensure that coverage is maintained until NVP concentrations fall to nonsuppressive levels, 1 month of additional antiretroviral treatment after delivery should be considered to prevent the emergence of resistant viruses.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)283-288
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Volume38
Issue number3
StatePublished - Mar 1 2005

Keywords

  • Nevirapine
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Prevention mother-to-child HIV transmission

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