Abstract
This retrospective convenient sample case–control study investigated the peri-implant soft-tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among narghile smokers (NS) (Group I) and nonsmoking controls (Group II). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and pocket-depth (PD) were assessed; and peri-implant CBL was measured on standardized digital bite-wing radiographs. Sample-size was estimated and statistical analysis were done using Mann–Whitney U-test. Level of significance was set at p <.05. Seventy-two male individuals (35 in Group I and 37 in Group II) were included. The mean age of individuals in Groups I and II were 45.3 ± 5.2 and 42.6 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly. In Group 1, the duration and daily frequency of narghile smoking was 17.5 ± 1.6 years and 6.3 ± 0.5 times per day, respectively. The mean duration of each narghile smoking session was 28.5 ± 0.6 min. The mean peri-implant PI (p <.05), PD (p <.05) and mesial (p <.05) and distal (p <.05) CBL were statistically significantly higher among individuals in Group I compared with Group II. BOP was significantly higher in Group II than Group I (p <.05). Narghile smoking increases peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 457-461 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Inhalation Toxicology |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 24 2017 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords
- Alveolar bone loss
- dental implant
- gingival inflammation
- periodontal
- smoking