Peri-implant parameters and C-reactive protein levels among patients with different obesity levels

Background: It is hypothesized that peri-implant conditions are worse with increasing severity of obesity, because systemic low-grade inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein [CRP]) is higher in severe form of obese individuals. Purpose: The aim of the cross-sectional retrospective study was to compare clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters in patients with different levels of obesity and correlate these parameters with CRP levels. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients who participated in this study were divided into 4 groups: class I obese (group 1), class II obese (group 2), class III obese (group 3), and nonobese individuals (group 4) were included. Clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) peri-implant parameters were recorded. Serum CRP were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical peri-implant parameters and serum CRP concentrations were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze correlations of CRP levels with any of the clinical and radiographic parameters assessed. Results: Peri-implant PI, BOP, PD, and MBL were significantly higher in group-1, -2, and -3 patients as compared to nonobese individuals (P <.05). Peri-implant PI, BOP, PD, and MBL were significantly higher in obese patients of group-2 and group-3 as compared to obese patients in group-1 (P <.01). Mean PI, BOP, PD, and MBL were comparable between group-2 and group-3 patients (P >.05). A significant positive correlations were found between CRP levels and BOP (P =.0148) and PD (P =.0425); and significant negative correlation was found for MBL in group 3, respectively (P =.0212). Conclusion: Clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters and serum CRP were significantly high in patients with severe form of obesity. Serum CRP levels correlated with peri-implant bleeding in obese patients. These findings are preliminary and long-term controlled trials are recommended to support these outcomes.