TY - JOUR
T1 - Patterns of brain-wide associations reflect socioeconomics
AU - Marek, Scott
AU - Donohue, Meghan Rose
AU - Karcher, Nicole R.
AU - Hoyniak, Caroline P.
AU - Chauvin, Roselyne J.
AU - Meyer, Ashley C.
AU - Miller, John
AU - Van, Andrew N.
AU - Wang, Anxu
AU - Baden, Noah J.
AU - Suljic, Vahdeta
AU - Scheidter, Kristen M.
AU - Monk, Julia
AU - Whiting, Forrest I.
AU - Ramirez-Perez, Nadeshka J.
AU - Krimmel, Samuel R.
AU - Metoki, Athanasia
AU - Paul, Sarah E.
AU - Gorelik, Aaron J.
AU - Hendrickson, Timothy J.
AU - Malone, Stephen M.
AU - Schwarzlose, Rebecca F.
AU - Cardenas-Iniguez, Carlos
AU - Herting, Megan M.
AU - Petersen, Steven E.
AU - Luby, Joan
AU - Randolph, Anita C.
AU - Shanahan, Michael J.
AU - Turkheimer, Eric
AU - Kay, Benjamin P.
AU - Gordon, Evan M.
AU - Laumann, Timothy O.
AU - Barch, Deanna M.
AU - Fair, Damien A.
AU - Tervo-Clemmens, Brenden
AU - Dosenbach, Nico U.F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2026 the authors, some rights reserved.
PY - 2026/6/11
Y1 - 2026/6/11
N2 - Previous brain-wide association studies (BWAS) have linked specific environmental and behavioral variables to brain variability. In this work, we mapped 649 variables to children’s brains and compared the resultant BWAS maps with each other and with neurobiological reference patterns. Socioeconomic status (SeS) showed the strongest brain-wide associations. The SeS associations were strongest in motor and sensory but not cognitive regions, a pattern shared across many BWAS maps, including intelligence quotient (IQ). A single, common BWAS brain pattern existed across variables that was most reflective of a child’s socioeconomics. Adjusting for SeS weakened brain-IQ associations, eliminating the BWAS motor and sensory pattern. Brain-with-IQ associations also did not generalize when trained on higher-SeS subsamples. Thus, children’s brains vary the most with SeS, potentially through SeS-dependent sleep deprivation and stress.
AB - Previous brain-wide association studies (BWAS) have linked specific environmental and behavioral variables to brain variability. In this work, we mapped 649 variables to children’s brains and compared the resultant BWAS maps with each other and with neurobiological reference patterns. Socioeconomic status (SeS) showed the strongest brain-wide associations. The SeS associations were strongest in motor and sensory but not cognitive regions, a pattern shared across many BWAS maps, including intelligence quotient (IQ). A single, common BWAS brain pattern existed across variables that was most reflective of a child’s socioeconomics. Adjusting for SeS weakened brain-IQ associations, eliminating the BWAS motor and sensory pattern. Brain-with-IQ associations also did not generalize when trained on higher-SeS subsamples. Thus, children’s brains vary the most with SeS, potentially through SeS-dependent sleep deprivation and stress.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042494045
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042494045#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1126/science.aee6213
DO - 10.1126/science.aee6213
M3 - Article
C2 - 42275495
AN - SCOPUS:105042494045
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 392
JO - Science
JF - Science
IS - 6803
M1 - eaee6213
ER -