Pathophysiology of urethral obstruction.

Obstructive uropathy refers to abnormalities in structure or function of the urinary tract caused by impairment of normal flow of urine, and the resulting local and systemic effects of that impairment. Clinic consequences of obstructive uropathy are associated with abnormalities in fluid balance, electrolyte metabolism, acid-base balance, and retention of metabolic wastes. These consequences are partly due to build up of intravesical, ureteral, and renal pressure, influx of leukocytes into renal parenchyma resulting in release of cytokines, and alterations in intravascular hemodynamics. This article discusses pathophysiologic mechanisms and consequences of obstructive uropathy in cats.