Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum

N. E. Raouafi; L. Matteini; J. Squire; S. T. Badman; M. Velli; K. G. Klein; C. H.K. Chen; W. H. Matthaeus; A. Szabo; M. Linton; R. C. Allen; J. R. Szalay; R. Bruno; R. B. Decker; M. Akhavan-Tafti; O. V. Agapitov; S. D. Bale; R. Bandyopadhyay; K. Battams; L. Berčič; S. Bourouaine; T. A. Bowen; C. Cattell; B. D.G. Chandran; R. Chhiber; C. M.S. Cohen; R. D’Amicis; J. Giacalone; P. Hess; R. A. Howard; T. S. Horbury; V. K. Jagarlamudi; C. J. Joyce; J. C. Kasper; J. Kinnison; R. Laker; P. Liewer; D. M. Malaspina; I. Mann; D. J. McComas; T. Niembro-Hernandez; T. Nieves-Chinchilla; O. Panasenco; P. Pokorný; A. Pusack; M. Pulupa; J. C. Perez; P. Riley; A. P. Rouillard; C. Shi; G. Stenborg; A. Tenerani; J. L. Verniero; N. Viall; A. Vourlidas; B. E. Wood; L. D. Woodham; T. Woolley

doi:10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4

Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum

N. E. Raouafi, L. Matteini, J. Squire, S. T. Badman, M. Velli, K. G. Klein, C. H.K. Chen, W. H. Matthaeus, A. Szabo, M. Linton, R. C. Allen, J. R. Szalay, R. Bruno, R. B. Decker, M. Akhavan-Tafti, O. V. Agapitov, S. D. Bale, R. Bandyopadhyay, K. Battams, L. BerčičS. Bourouaine, T. A. Bowen, C. Cattell, B. D.G. Chandran, R. Chhiber, C. M.S. Cohen, R. D’Amicis, J. Giacalone, P. Hess, R. A. Howard, T. S. Horbury, V. K. Jagarlamudi, C. J. Joyce, J. C. Kasper, J. Kinnison, R. Laker, P. Liewer, D. M. Malaspina, I. Mann, D. J. McComas, T. Niembro-Hernandez, T. Nieves-Chinchilla, O. Panasenco, P. Pokorný, A. Pusack, M. Pulupa, J. C. Perez, P. Riley, A. P. Rouillard, C. Shi, G. Stenborg, A. Tenerani, J. L. Verniero, N. Viall, A. Vourlidas, B. E. Wood, L. D. Woodham, T. Woolley

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

63 Scopus citations

Abstract

Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission’s primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate energetic particles. Parker Solar Probe returned a treasure trove of science data that far exceeded quality, significance, and quantity expectations, leading to a significant number of discoveries reported in nearly 700 peer-reviewed publications. The first four years of the 7-year primary mission duration have been mostly during solar minimum conditions with few major solar events. Starting with orbit 8 (i.e., 28 Apr. 2021), Parker flew through the magnetically dominated corona, i.e., sub-Alfvénic solar wind, which is one of the mission’s primary objectives. In this paper, we present an overview of the scientific advances made mainly during the first four years of the Parker Solar Probe mission, which go well beyond the three science objectives that are: (1) Trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind; (2) Determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind; and (3) Explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	8
Journal	Space Science Reviews
Volume	219
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4
State	Published - Feb 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
O.V.A. was supported by NASA grants 80NNSC19K0848, 80NSSC22K0417, 80NSSC21K1770, and NSF grant 1914670. S.B. is supported by NASA grants 80NSSC21K0012 and Parker Solar Probe as part of NASA’s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). C.H.K.C. is supported by UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship MR/W007657/1 and STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T00018X/1. R.C. was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC18K1210, 80NSSC18K1648, and 80NSSC21K1765. K.G.K. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0912. I.M. is supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant number 262941). Support for J.S. was provided by Rutherford Discovery Fellowship RDF-U001804, which is managed through the Royal Society Te Apārangi. J.R.S, P.P., and D.M.M. acknowledge the Parker Solar Probe Guest Investigator Program, grant 80NSSC21K1764. M.A.T. was supported by NASA contract NNN06AA01C and grants 80NSSC20K1847, 80NSSC20K1014, and 80NSSC21K1662.

Funding Information:
Parker Solar Probe was designed, built, and is now operated by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory as part of NASA’s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). Support from the LWS management and technical team has played a critical role in the success of the Parker Solar Probe mission. The FIELDS instrument suite was designed and built and is operated by a consortium of institutions including the University of California, Berkeley, University of Minnesota, University of Colorado, Boulder, NASA/GSFC, CNRS/LPC2E, University of New Hampshire, University of Maryland, UCLA, IFRU, Observatoire de Meudon, Imperial College, London and Queen Mary University London. The SWEAP Investigation is a multi-institution project led by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other members of the SWEAP team come from the University of Michigan, University of California, Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, The University of Alabama Huntsville, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Draper Laboratory, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) Investigation is a multi-institution project led by Princeton University with contributions from JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Caltech, GSFC, JPL, SwRI, University of New Hampshire, University of Delaware, and University of Arizona. The Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) instrument was designed, built, and is now operated by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in collaboration with JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Gottingen, Germany, Centre Spatiale de Liege, Belgium and University of Toulouse/Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).

Keywords

Corona
Coronal mass ejections
Magnetic fields
Parker solar probe
Plasma
Solar wind
Sun

Publisher link

10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4

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Raouafi, N. E., Matteini, L., Squire, J., Badman, S. T., Velli, M., Klein, K. G., Chen, C. H. K., Matthaeus, W. H., Szabo, A., Linton, M., Allen, R. C., Szalay, J. R., Bruno, R., Decker, R. B., Akhavan-Tafti, M., Agapitov, O. V., Bale, S. D., Bandyopadhyay, R., Battams, K., ... Woolley, T. (2023). Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum. Space Science Reviews, 219(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4

Raouafi, NE, Matteini, L, Squire, J, Badman, ST, Velli, M, Klein, KG, Chen, CHK, Matthaeus, WH, Szabo, A, Linton, M, Allen, RC, Szalay, JR, Bruno, R, Decker, RB, Akhavan-Tafti, M, Agapitov, OV, Bale, SD, Bandyopadhyay, R, Battams, K, Berčič, L, Bourouaine, S, Bowen, TA, Cattell, C, Chandran, BDG, Chhiber, R, Cohen, CMS, D’Amicis, R, Giacalone, J, Hess, P, Howard, RA, Horbury, TS, Jagarlamudi, VK, Joyce, CJ, Kasper, JC, Kinnison, J, Laker, R, Liewer, P, Malaspina, DM, Mann, I, McComas, DJ, Niembro-Hernandez, T, Nieves-Chinchilla, T, Panasenco, O, Pokorný, P, Pusack, A, Pulupa, M, Perez, JC, Riley, P, Rouillard, AP, Shi, C, Stenborg, G, Tenerani, A, Verniero, JL, Viall, N, Vourlidas, A, Wood, BE, Woodham, LD & Woolley, T 2023, 'Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum', Space Science Reviews, vol. 219, no. 1, 8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4

@article{3ae995c80b7b4ad5b71e9915fd142bb4,

title = "Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum",

abstract = "Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA{\textquoteright}s Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission{\textquoteright}s primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun{\textquoteright}s coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate energetic particles. Parker Solar Probe returned a treasure trove of science data that far exceeded quality, significance, and quantity expectations, leading to a significant number of discoveries reported in nearly 700 peer-reviewed publications. The first four years of the 7-year primary mission duration have been mostly during solar minimum conditions with few major solar events. Starting with orbit 8 (i.e., 28 Apr. 2021), Parker flew through the magnetically dominated corona, i.e., sub-Alfv{\'e}nic solar wind, which is one of the mission{\textquoteright}s primary objectives. In this paper, we present an overview of the scientific advances made mainly during the first four years of the Parker Solar Probe mission, which go well beyond the three science objectives that are: (1) Trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind; (2) Determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind; and (3) Explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles.",

keywords = "Corona, Coronal mass ejections, Magnetic fields, Parker solar probe, Plasma, Solar wind, Sun",

author = "Raouafi, {N. E.} and L. Matteini and J. Squire and Badman, {S. T.} and M. Velli and Klein, {K. G.} and Chen, {C. H.K.} and Matthaeus, {W. H.} and A. Szabo and M. Linton and Allen, {R. C.} and Szalay, {J. R.} and R. Bruno and Decker, {R. B.} and M. Akhavan-Tafti and Agapitov, {O. V.} and Bale, {S. D.} and R. Bandyopadhyay and K. Battams and L. Ber{\v c}i{\v c} and S. Bourouaine and Bowen, {T. A.} and C. Cattell and Chandran, {B. D.G.} and R. Chhiber and Cohen, {C. M.S.} and R. D{\textquoteright}Amicis and J. Giacalone and P. Hess and Howard, {R. A.} and Horbury, {T. S.} and Jagarlamudi, {V. K.} and Joyce, {C. J.} and Kasper, {J. C.} and J. Kinnison and R. Laker and P. Liewer and Malaspina, {D. M.} and I. Mann and McComas, {D. J.} and T. Niembro-Hernandez and T. Nieves-Chinchilla and O. Panasenco and P. Pokorn{\'y} and A. Pusack and M. Pulupa and Perez, {J. C.} and P. Riley and Rouillard, {A. P.} and C. Shi and G. Stenborg and A. Tenerani and Verniero, {J. L.} and N. Viall and A. Vourlidas and Wood, {B. E.} and Woodham, {L. D.} and T. Woolley",

note = "Funding Information: O.V.A. was supported by NASA grants 80NNSC19K0848, 80NSSC22K0417, 80NSSC21K1770, and NSF grant 1914670. S.B. is supported by NASA grants 80NSSC21K0012 and Parker Solar Probe as part of NASA{\textquoteright}s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). C.H.K.C. is supported by UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship MR/W007657/1 and STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T00018X/1. R.C. was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC18K1210, 80NSSC18K1648, and 80NSSC21K1765. K.G.K. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0912. I.M. is supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant number 262941). Support for J.S. was provided by Rutherford Discovery Fellowship RDF-U001804, which is managed through the Royal Society Te Apārangi. J.R.S, P.P., and D.M.M. acknowledge the Parker Solar Probe Guest Investigator Program, grant 80NSSC21K1764. M.A.T. was supported by NASA contract NNN06AA01C and grants 80NSSC20K1847, 80NSSC20K1014, and 80NSSC21K1662. Funding Information: Parker Solar Probe was designed, built, and is now operated by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory as part of NASA{\textquoteright}s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). Support from the LWS management and technical team has played a critical role in the success of the Parker Solar Probe mission. The FIELDS instrument suite was designed and built and is operated by a consortium of institutions including the University of California, Berkeley, University of Minnesota, University of Colorado, Boulder, NASA/GSFC, CNRS/LPC2E, University of New Hampshire, University of Maryland, UCLA, IFRU, Observatoire de Meudon, Imperial College, London and Queen Mary University London. The SWEAP Investigation is a multi-institution project led by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other members of the SWEAP team come from the University of Michigan, University of California, Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, The University of Alabama Huntsville, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Draper Laboratory, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) Investigation is a multi-institution project led by Princeton University with contributions from JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Caltech, GSFC, JPL, SwRI, University of New Hampshire, University of Delaware, and University of Arizona. The Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) instrument was designed, built, and is now operated by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in collaboration with JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Gottingen, Germany, Centre Spatiale de Liege, Belgium and University of Toulouse/Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1007/s11214-023-00952-4",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "219",

journal = "Space Science Reviews",

issn = "0038-6308",

publisher = "Springer Netherlands",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Parker Solar Probe

T2 - Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum

AU - Raouafi, N. E.

AU - Matteini, L.

AU - Squire, J.

AU - Badman, S. T.

AU - Velli, M.

AU - Klein, K. G.

AU - Chen, C. H.K.

AU - Matthaeus, W. H.

AU - Szabo, A.

AU - Linton, M.

AU - Allen, R. C.

AU - Szalay, J. R.

AU - Bruno, R.

AU - Decker, R. B.

AU - Akhavan-Tafti, M.

AU - Agapitov, O. V.

AU - Bale, S. D.

AU - Bandyopadhyay, R.

AU - Battams, K.

AU - Berčič, L.

AU - Bourouaine, S.

AU - Bowen, T. A.

AU - Cattell, C.

AU - Chandran, B. D.G.

AU - Chhiber, R.

AU - Cohen, C. M.S.

AU - D’Amicis, R.

AU - Giacalone, J.

AU - Hess, P.

AU - Howard, R. A.

AU - Horbury, T. S.

AU - Jagarlamudi, V. K.

AU - Joyce, C. J.

AU - Kasper, J. C.

AU - Kinnison, J.

AU - Laker, R.

AU - Liewer, P.

AU - Malaspina, D. M.

AU - Mann, I.

AU - McComas, D. J.

AU - Niembro-Hernandez, T.

AU - Nieves-Chinchilla, T.

AU - Panasenco, O.

AU - Pokorný, P.

AU - Pusack, A.

AU - Pulupa, M.

AU - Perez, J. C.

AU - Riley, P.

AU - Rouillard, A. P.

AU - Shi, C.

AU - Stenborg, G.

AU - Tenerani, A.

AU - Verniero, J. L.

AU - Viall, N.

AU - Vourlidas, A.

AU - Wood, B. E.

AU - Woodham, L. D.

AU - Woolley, T.

N1 - Funding Information: O.V.A. was supported by NASA grants 80NNSC19K0848, 80NSSC22K0417, 80NSSC21K1770, and NSF grant 1914670. S.B. is supported by NASA grants 80NSSC21K0012 and Parker Solar Probe as part of NASA’s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). C.H.K.C. is supported by UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship MR/W007657/1 and STFC Consolidated Grant ST/T00018X/1. R.C. was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC18K1210, 80NSSC18K1648, and 80NSSC21K1765. K.G.K. was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0912. I.M. is supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant number 262941). Support for J.S. was provided by Rutherford Discovery Fellowship RDF-U001804, which is managed through the Royal Society Te Apārangi. J.R.S, P.P., and D.M.M. acknowledge the Parker Solar Probe Guest Investigator Program, grant 80NSSC21K1764. M.A.T. was supported by NASA contract NNN06AA01C and grants 80NSSC20K1847, 80NSSC20K1014, and 80NSSC21K1662. Funding Information: Parker Solar Probe was designed, built, and is now operated by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory as part of NASA’s Living with a Star (LWS) program (contract NNN06AA01C). Support from the LWS management and technical team has played a critical role in the success of the Parker Solar Probe mission. The FIELDS instrument suite was designed and built and is operated by a consortium of institutions including the University of California, Berkeley, University of Minnesota, University of Colorado, Boulder, NASA/GSFC, CNRS/LPC2E, University of New Hampshire, University of Maryland, UCLA, IFRU, Observatoire de Meudon, Imperial College, London and Queen Mary University London. The SWEAP Investigation is a multi-institution project led by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other members of the SWEAP team come from the University of Michigan, University of California, Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, The University of Alabama Huntsville, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Draper Laboratory, JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) Investigation is a multi-institution project led by Princeton University with contributions from JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Caltech, GSFC, JPL, SwRI, University of New Hampshire, University of Delaware, and University of Arizona. The Wide-Field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) instrument was designed, built, and is now operated by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in collaboration with JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Gottingen, Germany, Centre Spatiale de Liege, Belgium and University of Toulouse/Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).

PY - 2023/2

Y1 - 2023/2

N2 - Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission’s primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate energetic particles. Parker Solar Probe returned a treasure trove of science data that far exceeded quality, significance, and quantity expectations, leading to a significant number of discoveries reported in nearly 700 peer-reviewed publications. The first four years of the 7-year primary mission duration have been mostly during solar minimum conditions with few major solar events. Starting with orbit 8 (i.e., 28 Apr. 2021), Parker flew through the magnetically dominated corona, i.e., sub-Alfvénic solar wind, which is one of the mission’s primary objectives. In this paper, we present an overview of the scientific advances made mainly during the first four years of the Parker Solar Probe mission, which go well beyond the three science objectives that are: (1) Trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind; (2) Determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind; and (3) Explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles.

AB - Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission’s primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate energetic particles. Parker Solar Probe returned a treasure trove of science data that far exceeded quality, significance, and quantity expectations, leading to a significant number of discoveries reported in nearly 700 peer-reviewed publications. The first four years of the 7-year primary mission duration have been mostly during solar minimum conditions with few major solar events. Starting with orbit 8 (i.e., 28 Apr. 2021), Parker flew through the magnetically dominated corona, i.e., sub-Alfvénic solar wind, which is one of the mission’s primary objectives. In this paper, we present an overview of the scientific advances made mainly during the first four years of the Parker Solar Probe mission, which go well beyond the three science objectives that are: (1) Trace the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the solar corona and solar wind; (2) Determine the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind; and (3) Explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles.

KW - Corona

KW - Coronal mass ejections

KW - Magnetic fields

KW - Parker solar probe

KW - Plasma

KW - Solar wind

KW - Sun

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Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum

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