Abstract
Oxoiron(IV) species are implicated as reactive intermediates in nonheme monoiron oxygenases, often acting as the agent for hydrogen-atom transfer from substrate. A histidine is the most likely ligand trans to the oxo unit in most enzymes characterized thus far but is replaced by a carboxylate in the case of isopenicillin N synthase. As the effect of a trans carboxylate ligand on the properties of the oxoiron(IV) unit has not been systematically studied, we have synthesized and characterized four oxoiron(IV) complexes supported by the tetramethylcyclam (TMC) macrocycle and having a carboxylate ligand trans to the oxo unit. Two complexes have acetate or propionate axial ligands, while the other two have the carboxylate functionality tethered to the macrocyclic ligand framework by one or two methylene units. Interestingly, these four complexes exhibit substrate oxidation rates that differ by more than 100-fold, despite having Ep,c values for the reduction of the FeO unit that span a range of only 130 mV. Eyring parameters for 1,4-cyclohexadiene oxidation show that reactivity differences originate from differences in activation enthalpy between complexes with tethered carboxylates and those with untethered carboxylates, in agreement with computational results. As noted previously for the initial subset of four complexes, the logarithms of the oxygen atom transfer rates of 11 complexes of the FeIV(O)TMC(X) series increase linearly with the observed Ep,c values, reflecting the electrophilicity of the FeO unit. In contrast, no correlation with Ep,c values is observed for the corresponding hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction rates; instead, the HAT rates increase as the computed triplet-quintet spin state gap narrows, consistent with Shaik’s two-state-reactivity model. In fact, the two complexes with untethered carboxylates are among the most reactive HAT agents in this series, demonstrating that the axial ligand can play a key role in tuning the HAT reactivity in a nonheme iron enzyme active site.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3287-3301 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Inorganic chemistry |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 20 2017 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (CHE-1361773 to L.Q. and CHE-1305111 to E.M.) and a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation to J.E.M.N.K. S.S. acknowledges support from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF grant 1183/13). XAS data were collected on beamline 7-3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). Use of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including P41GM103393). We are grateful to Dr. Matthew Latimer for his excellent technical support of our XAS experiments and to Dr. Victor G. Young, Jr., for carrying out X-ray crystallographic data collection and structure solutions at the X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota. We also thank Prof. Christopher J. Cramer and the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) at the University of Minnesota for providing computational resources.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.