Optimizing Power-Frequency Droop Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resources

Swaroop S. Guggilam; Changhong Zhao; Emiliano Dall Anese; Yu Christine Chen; Sairaj V. Dhople

doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2747766

Optimizing Power-Frequency Droop Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resources

Swaroop S. Guggilam, Changhong Zhao, Emiliano Dall Anese, Yu Christine Chen, Sairaj V. Dhople

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper outlines a procedure to design power-frequency droop slopes for distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in distribution networks to optimally participate in primary frequency response. In particular, the droop slopes are engineered such that DERs respond in proportion to their power ratings and they are not unfairly penalized in power provisioning based on their location in the distribution network. The main contribution of our approach is that a guaranteed level of frequency regulation can be obtained at the feeder head, while ensuring that the outputs of individual DERs conform to some well-defined notion of fairness. The approach we adopt leverages an optimization-based perspective and suitable linearizations of the power-flow equations to embed notions of fairness and information regarding the physics of the power flows within the distribution network into the droop slopes. Time-domain simulations from a differential algebraic equation model of the 39-bus New England test-case system augmented with three instances of the IEEE 37-node distribution network with frequency-sensitive DERs are provided to validate our approach.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3076-3086
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Volume	33
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2747766
State	Published - May 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Manuscript received April 20, 2017; revised July 15, 2017 and August 18, 2017; accepted August 18, 2017. Date of publication August 31, 2017; date of current version April 17, 2018. The work of S. S. Guggilam and S. V. Dhople was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under the Network Optimized Distributed Energy Systems program and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CyberSEES 1442686 and CAREER Award ECCS-1453921. The work of C. Zhao and E. Dall’Anese was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under the Network Optimized Distributed Energy Systems program. Paper no. TPWRS-00579-2017. (Corresponding author: Sairaj V. Dhople.) S. S. Guggilam and S. V. Dhople are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).

Publisher Copyright:
© 1969-2012 IEEE.

Keywords

Distributed energy resources
droop control
primary frequency response

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10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2747766

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abstract = "This paper outlines a procedure to design power-frequency droop slopes for distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in distribution networks to optimally participate in primary frequency response. In particular, the droop slopes are engineered such that DERs respond in proportion to their power ratings and they are not unfairly penalized in power provisioning based on their location in the distribution network. The main contribution of our approach is that a guaranteed level of frequency regulation can be obtained at the feeder head, while ensuring that the outputs of individual DERs conform to some well-defined notion of fairness. The approach we adopt leverages an optimization-based perspective and suitable linearizations of the power-flow equations to embed notions of fairness and information regarding the physics of the power flows within the distribution network into the droop slopes. Time-domain simulations from a differential algebraic equation model of the 39-bus New England test-case system augmented with three instances of the IEEE 37-node distribution network with frequency-sensitive DERs are provided to validate our approach.",

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note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received April 20, 2017; revised July 15, 2017 and August 18, 2017; accepted August 18, 2017. Date of publication August 31, 2017; date of current version April 17, 2018. The work of S. S. Guggilam and S. V. Dhople was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under the Network Optimized Distributed Energy Systems program and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CyberSEES 1442686 and CAREER Award ECCS-1453921. The work of C. Zhao and E. Dall{\textquoteright}Anese was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under the Network Optimized Distributed Energy Systems program. Paper no. TPWRS-00579-2017. (Corresponding author: Sairaj V. Dhople.) S. S. Guggilam and S. V. Dhople are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1969-2012 IEEE.",

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N2 - This paper outlines a procedure to design power-frequency droop slopes for distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in distribution networks to optimally participate in primary frequency response. In particular, the droop slopes are engineered such that DERs respond in proportion to their power ratings and they are not unfairly penalized in power provisioning based on their location in the distribution network. The main contribution of our approach is that a guaranteed level of frequency regulation can be obtained at the feeder head, while ensuring that the outputs of individual DERs conform to some well-defined notion of fairness. The approach we adopt leverages an optimization-based perspective and suitable linearizations of the power-flow equations to embed notions of fairness and information regarding the physics of the power flows within the distribution network into the droop slopes. Time-domain simulations from a differential algebraic equation model of the 39-bus New England test-case system augmented with three instances of the IEEE 37-node distribution network with frequency-sensitive DERs are provided to validate our approach.

AB - This paper outlines a procedure to design power-frequency droop slopes for distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in distribution networks to optimally participate in primary frequency response. In particular, the droop slopes are engineered such that DERs respond in proportion to their power ratings and they are not unfairly penalized in power provisioning based on their location in the distribution network. The main contribution of our approach is that a guaranteed level of frequency regulation can be obtained at the feeder head, while ensuring that the outputs of individual DERs conform to some well-defined notion of fairness. The approach we adopt leverages an optimization-based perspective and suitable linearizations of the power-flow equations to embed notions of fairness and information regarding the physics of the power flows within the distribution network into the droop slopes. Time-domain simulations from a differential algebraic equation model of the 39-bus New England test-case system augmented with three instances of the IEEE 37-node distribution network with frequency-sensitive DERs are provided to validate our approach.

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Optimizing Power-Frequency Droop Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resources

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