Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy with E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review

Caili Ren; Simon Kung; Paul E. Croarkin; Alexander Opitz; Brent P. Forester; Adriana P. Hermida; Martina Mueller; Sandeep R. Pagali; Georgios Petrides; Stephen J. Seiner; Isabel A. Yoon; Maria I. Lapid

doi:10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111

Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy with E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review

Caili Ren, Simon Kung, Paul E. Croarkin, Alexander Opitz, Brent P. Forester, Adriana P. Hermida, Martina Mueller, Sandeep R. Pagali, Georgios Petrides, Stephen J. Seiner, Isabel A. Yoon, Maria I. Lapid

Biomedical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing. This review synthesizes current knowledge on E-field modeling in ECT and explores its clinical applications. It examines the variability in E-field strengths and distributions induced by ECT and their impact on clinical outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between E-field strengths, neuroplasticity, and therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Translational studies of E-field-informed ECT are highlighted, emphasizing individualized optimal amplitude dosing and potential clinical applications. This review provides useful insights into how E-field modeling can improve the effectiveness of ECT while minimizing adverse effects, helping guide future research and clinical practice.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111
Journal	Journal of ECT
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111
State	Accepted/In press - 2025

Bibliographical note

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Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords

E-field modeling
ECT
cognitive side effects
dose optimization
individualized treatment
major depressive disorder

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article

Publisher link

10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111

Cite this

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title = "Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy with E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review",

abstract = "Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing. This review synthesizes current knowledge on E-field modeling in ECT and explores its clinical applications. It examines the variability in E-field strengths and distributions induced by ECT and their impact on clinical outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between E-field strengths, neuroplasticity, and therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Translational studies of E-field-informed ECT are highlighted, emphasizing individualized optimal amplitude dosing and potential clinical applications. This review provides useful insights into how E-field modeling can improve the effectiveness of ECT while minimizing adverse effects, helping guide future research and clinical practice.",

keywords = "E-field modeling, ECT, cognitive side effects, dose optimization, individualized treatment, major depressive disorder",

author = "Caili Ren and Simon Kung and Croarkin, {Paul E.} and Alexander Opitz and Forester, {Brent P.} and Hermida, {Adriana P.} and Martina Mueller and Pagali, {Sandeep R.} and Georgios Petrides and Seiner, {Stephen J.} and Yoon, {Isabel A.} and Lapid, {Maria I.}",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111",

language = "English (US)",

journal = "Journal of ECT",

issn = "1095-0680",

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T1 - Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy with E-Field Modeling

T2 - A Narrative Review

AU - Ren, Caili

AU - Kung, Simon

AU - Croarkin, Paul E.

AU - Opitz, Alexander

AU - Forester, Brent P.

AU - Hermida, Adriana P.

AU - Mueller, Martina

AU - Pagali, Sandeep R.

AU - Petrides, Georgios

AU - Seiner, Stephen J.

AU - Yoon, Isabel A.

AU - Lapid, Maria I.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing. This review synthesizes current knowledge on E-field modeling in ECT and explores its clinical applications. It examines the variability in E-field strengths and distributions induced by ECT and their impact on clinical outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between E-field strengths, neuroplasticity, and therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Translational studies of E-field-informed ECT are highlighted, emphasizing individualized optimal amplitude dosing and potential clinical applications. This review provides useful insights into how E-field modeling can improve the effectiveness of ECT while minimizing adverse effects, helping guide future research and clinical practice.

AB - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing. This review synthesizes current knowledge on E-field modeling in ECT and explores its clinical applications. It examines the variability in E-field strengths and distributions induced by ECT and their impact on clinical outcomes. Additionally, the relationship between E-field strengths, neuroplasticity, and therapeutic efficacy is discussed. Translational studies of E-field-informed ECT are highlighted, emphasizing individualized optimal amplitude dosing and potential clinical applications. This review provides useful insights into how E-field modeling can improve the effectiveness of ECT while minimizing adverse effects, helping guide future research and clinical practice.

KW - E-field modeling

KW - ECT

KW - cognitive side effects

KW - dose optimization

KW - individualized treatment

KW - major depressive disorder

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DO - 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111

M3 - Review article

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SN - 1095-0680

JO - Journal of ECT

JF - Journal of ECT

M1 - 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001111

ER -

Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy with E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Publisher link

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