Abstract
Phytotoxin production by Myrothecium roridum Tode: Fries (IMI 394934) and in vitro bioactivity on water hyacinth leaves (WHL) were evaluated. Phytotoxin produced caused necrosis of WHL three days postapplication. Potato carrot broth and WHL broth formulations gave the highest phytotoxin production in culture. Phytotoxin production was light-dependent and peaked at pH 4.5. Xylose and glutamine were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The phytotoxin was thermostable, and phytotoxicity was pH-dependent, but photoperiod-independent. Bioassay-guided fractionation indicated the active phytotoxin was roridin A. Phytotoxicity of roridin A and roridin E was similar (p > 0.05) to paraquat used for water hyacinth control.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 116-130 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Toxin Reviews |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 28 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We are grateful to Bruce B. Jarvis, Emeritus Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA for providing the roridin E, epi-isororidin E and roridin H used in this study. We also thank Ms. Bobbie J. Johnson for technical assistance and the reviewers (Drs. J. F. Shearer, C. D. Boyette, and R. E. Hoagland) for valuable suggestions. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords
- Herbicide
- Myrothecium roridum
- paraquat
- phytotoxin
- roridin
- water hyacinth