Ontogenetic changes in leaf shelter construction by larvae of Epargyreus clarus (Hesperhdae), the silver-spotted skipper

In this paper we examine patterns of shelter construction by larvae of the Silver-spotted Skipper, Epargyreus clarus Cramer (Hesperiidae). Through observations of field and laboratory populations we characterize 1) the types of shelters constructed over larval ontogeny and their relationship to larval size and instar, and 2) the location of shelters on the host plant. We also describe various aspects of larval feeding behavior. Each larva builds and inhabits its own shelter, successively abandoning shelters and constructing new ones approximately five times across five instars. On kudzu (Pueraria lobata; Fabaceae), larvae produce shelters in four distinct styles that change predictably as the insects grow. Ontogenetic changes in style of shelter construction are likely to be related to larval size, needs, and physical capability.