Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics

Hai Cheng; Yao Xu; Xiyu Dong; Jingyao Zhao; Hanying Li; Jonathan Baker; Ashish Sinha; Christoph Spötl; Haiwei Zhang; Wenjing Du; Baoyun Zong; Xue Jia; Gayatri Kathayat; Dianbing Liu; Yanjun Cai; Xianfeng Wang; Nicolás M. Strikis; Francisco W. Cruz; Augusto S. Auler; Anil K. Gupta; Raj Kumar Singh; Sonu Jaglan; Som Dutt; Zhengyu Liu; R. Lawrence Edwards

doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6

Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics

Hai Cheng, Yao Xu, Xiyu Dong, Jingyao Zhao, Hanying Li, Jonathan Baker, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, Haiwei Zhang, Wenjing Du, Baoyun Zong, Xue Jia, Gayatri Kathayat, Dianbing Liu, Yanjun Cai, Xianfeng Wang, Nicolás M. Strikis, Francisco W. Cruz, Augusto S. Auler, Anil K. GuptaRaj Kumar Singh, Sonu Jaglan, Som Dutt, Zhengyu Liu, R. Lawrence Edwards

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Abstract

Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 ± 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 ± 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	230
Journal	Communications Earth and Environment
Volume	2
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6
State	Published - Dec 2021
Externally published	Yes

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© 2021, The Author(s).

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Cheng, H., Xu, Y., Dong, X., Zhao, J., Li, H., Baker, J., Sinha, A., Spötl, C., Zhang, H., Du, W., Zong, B., Jia, X., Kathayat, G., Liu, D., Cai, Y., Wang, X., Strikis, N. M., Cruz, F. W., Auler, A. S., ... Edwards, R. L. (2021). Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics. Communications Earth and Environment, 2(1), Article 230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6

Cheng, H, Xu, Y, Dong, X, Zhao, J, Li, H, Baker, J, Sinha, A, Spötl, C, Zhang, H, Du, W, Zong, B, Jia, X, Kathayat, G, Liu, D, Cai, Y, Wang, X, Strikis, NM, Cruz, FW, Auler, AS, Gupta, AK, Singh, RK, Jaglan, S, Dutt, S, Liu, Z & Edwards, RL 2021, 'Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics', Communications Earth and Environment, vol. 2, no. 1, 230. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00304-6

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abstract = "Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 ± 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 ± 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination.",

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AU - Cheng, Hai

AU - Xu, Yao

AU - Dong, Xiyu

AU - Zhao, Jingyao

AU - Li, Hanying

AU - Baker, Jonathan

AU - Sinha, Ashish

AU - Spötl, Christoph

AU - Zhang, Haiwei

AU - Du, Wenjing

AU - Zong, Baoyun

AU - Jia, Xue

AU - Kathayat, Gayatri

AU - Liu, Dianbing

AU - Cai, Yanjun

AU - Wang, Xianfeng

AU - Strikis, Nicolás M.

AU - Cruz, Francisco W.

AU - Auler, Augusto S.

AU - Gupta, Anil K.

AU - Singh, Raj Kumar

AU - Jaglan, Sonu

AU - Dutt, Som

AU - Liu, Zhengyu

AU - Edwards, R. Lawrence

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 ± 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 ± 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination.

AB - Heinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 ± 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 ± 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination.

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Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics

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