Abstract
Commercially available preparations of botulinum toxin have been used for a wide variety of diseases. In many instances, it has supplanted other therapeutic modalities to become the first line of therapy. We review the pharmacologic properties of botulinum toxin, the indications for use in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, the potential adverse effects associated with the use of the toxin and the future of therapy directed at chemodenervation.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 571-582 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Expert Review of Ophthalmology |
Volume | 2 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 1 2007 |
Keywords
- Botox
- Botox cosmetic
- Dysport
- Meige Syndrome
- Myobloc
- blepharospasm
- botulinum toxin
- facial rhytids
- hemifacial spasm