Observers with Dual Spatially Separated Sensors for Enhanced Estimation: Industrial, Automotive, and Biomedical Applications

The presence of two eyes, ears, and nostrils endows mammals with many benefits that go beyond just having a second (spare) sensory organ. The spatial separation between two similar sensory organs enables enhanced sensory perception. For instance, in the case of the eyes, it is well known that the presence of two spatially separated eyes enables stereopsis (three-dimensional depth perception) [1], which is important for tasks requiring spatial discrimination, such as threading a needle or judging the space between cars on the road, and also for many athletic activities. Other lesser-known benefits of laterally separated eyes include.