Novel mutations of TCOF1 gene in European patients with treacher Collins syndrome

Chiara Conte, Maria R. D'Apice, Fabrizio Rinaldi, Stefano Gambardella, Federica Sangiuolo, Giuseppe Novelli

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is one of the most severe autosomal dominant congenital disorders of craniofacial development and shows variable phenotypic expression. TCS is extremely rare, occurring with an incidence of 1 in 50.000 live births. The TCS distinguishing characteristics are represented by down slanting palpebral fissures, coloboma of the eyelid, micrognathia, microtia and other deformity of the ears, hypoplastic zygomatic arches, and macrostomia. Conductive hearing loss and cleft palate are often present. TCS results from mutations in the TCOF1 gene located on chromosome 5, which encodes a serine/alanine-rich nucleolar phospho-protein called Treacle. However, alterations in the TCOF1 gene have been implicated in only 81-93% of TCS cases.Methods: In this study, the entire coding regions of the TCOF1 gene, including newly described exons 6A and 16A, were sequenced in 46 unrelated subjects suspected of TCS clinical indication.Results: Fifteen mutations were reported, including twelve novel and three already described in 14 sporadic patients and in 3 familial cases. Moreover, seven novel polymorphisms were also described. Most of the mutations characterised were microdeletions spanning one or more nucleotides, in addition to an insertion of one nucleotide in exon 18 and a stop mutation. The deletions and the insertion described cause a premature termination of translation, resulting in a truncated protein.Conclusion: This study confirms that almost all the TCOF1 pathogenic mutations fall in the coding region and lead to an aberrant protein.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number125
JournalBMC medical genetics
Volume12
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 27 2011

Keywords

  • Microdeletions
  • Microinsertions
  • Tcof1 mutations
  • Treacher collins syndrome

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