Nonbinary identity and pronoun use: A qualitative analysis

Background and Aims: Limited psychological research focuses on the identities and pronoun use experiences of nonbinary and genderqueer people. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of nonbinary and genderqueer young people, particularly with respect to the use and significance of pronouns. Method: Twenty nonbinary people between the ages of 18 and 28 were recruited through flyers, queer student groups, and social media to take part in an interview and brief demographic survey. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Four overarching themes were selected: “Beyond Binary Gender Restrictions,” “Pronouns as a Tool,” “Pronouns and Outness,” and “Nonbinary Enough.” Participants reported finding strength in their gender nonconformity while balancing complicated demands from their communities and from society at large. They also described their pronouns as playing important roles in social relationships and in identity affirmation. Discussion: The diverse roles that pronouns play in the lives of nonbinary people illustrates the need for increased conversation and flexibility in using people’s pronouns. Results suggest that supporting nonbinary identities requires increased understanding, respect, and more active forms of allyship from cisgender individuals, including moving beyond conceptualizing gender as a binary.