Non-hematologic diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis: Collaboration of radiology and pathology

Kerem Ozturk, Zuzan Cayci, Jason Gotlib, Cem Akin, Tracy I. George, Celalettin Ustun

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a hematologic disease with a wide range of clinical courses ranging from an indolent condition with normal life expectancy to exceedingly aggressive disorder with a poor prognosis. The symptoms and signs of SM result from the release of mast cell mediators with heterogeneous functions, and/or organ damage from neoplastic mast cell infiltration, or both. Diagnostic criteria for SM are well-defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the diagnosis of SM can be difficult when especially it is not in the differential diagnosis. Routinely used radiologic techniques (e.g., X-ray, ultrasound, CT scans can show findings such as lytic-, sclerotic- or mixed-bone lesions, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, retroperitoneal or periportal mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and omental thickening). It is essential to emphasize that the constellation of these radiologic findings should strongly concern of SM, especially in patients who also have a skin rash, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal tract symptoms (lasting, intermittent nausea, diarrhea), paroxysmal tachycardias, unexplained weight loss, persistent bone pain, cytopenias, liver dysfunction, eosinophilia. These findings, even coincidentally noted, will likely lead to a tissue biopsy, which reveals diagnosis (as we discussed and illustrated some tissue biopsies here). Moreover, the role of MRI and new techniques such as [18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography, fibroscan] in the diagnosis of SM have been discussed. Furthermore, we reviewed the use of radiologic methods to evaluate treatment response and prognostication of SM.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number100693
JournalBlood Reviews
Volume45
Early online dateApr 8 2020
DOIs
StateE-pub ahead of print - Apr 8 2020

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Radiography
  • Systemic mastocytosis (SM)
  • Tc99 methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article
  • Review

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