Abstract
Double-stranded DNA viruses use ATP-powered molecular motors to package their genomic DNA. To ensure efficient genome encapsidation, these motors regulate functional transitions between initiation, translocation, and termination modes. Here, we report structural and biophysical analyses of the C-terminal domain of the bacteriophage phi29 ATPase (CTD) that suggest a structural basis for these functional transitions. Sedimentation experiments show that the inter-domain linker in the full-length protein promotes oligomerization and thus may play a role in assembly of the functional motor. The NMR solution structure of the CTD indicates it is a vestigial nuclease domain that likely evolved from conserved nuclease domains in phage terminases. Despite the loss of nuclease activity, fluorescence binding assays confirm the CTD retains its DNA binding capabilities and fitting the CTD into cryoEM density of the phi29 motor shows that the CTD directly binds DNA. However, the interacting residues differ from those identified by NMR titration in solution, suggesting that packaging motors undergo conformational changes to transition between initiation, translocation, and termination. Taken together, these results provide insight into the evolution of functional transitions in viral dsDNA packaging motors.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 11737-11749 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Nucleic acids research |
Volume | 48 |
Issue number | 20 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 18 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:National Institutes ofHealth [GM122979 to M.C.M., P.J.J., AI 087856 to K.H.C.]; W. M. Keck Foundation and the John S. Dunn Research Foundation for funding the NMR and cryoEM core facilities. Funding for open access charge: National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s).