Necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following CHOP chemotherapy

Toxic leukoencephalopathy syndromes are rare disorders of cerebral injury characterized by changes in the white matter and accompanying neurologic dysfunction. They have been reported in association with a variety of clinical etiologies, most commonly including severe hypertension, cranial irradiation, and environmental toxins. However, they have also been described in conjunction with immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic agents. There has been one case of fatal leukoencephalopathy reported following CHOP chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report a second case of fatal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following the administration of CHOP chemotherapy.