Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector

S. Ahlen; M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; G. Auriemma; A. Baldini; B. Bam; G. Barbarino; B. Barish; G. Battistoni; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; V. Bisi; C. Bloise; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; P. Campana; D. Campana; M. Carboni; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; C. Chiera; A. Cobis; R. Cormack; A. Corona; S. Coutu; G. DeCataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. DeMarzo; M. De Vincenzi; A. Di Credico; E. Diehl; O. Erriquez; C. Favuzzi; D. Ficenec; C. Forti; L. Foti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; N. Giglietto; P. Giubellino; M. Grassi; P. Green; A. Grillo; F. Guarino; Alec T  Habig; R. Heinz; J. Hong; E. Iarocci; E. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; S. Klein; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; C. Lee; D. Levin; P. Lipari; G. Liu; R. Liu; M. Longo; G. Ludlam; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; A. Margiotta-Neri; A. Marin; A. Marini; D. Martello; G. Martellotti; A. Marzari Chiesa; M. Masera; P. Matteuzzi; D. Michael; J. L. Miller; P. Monacelli; M. Monteno; S. L. Mufson; J. Musser; S. Nutter; C. Okada; G. Osteria; O. Palamara; S. Parlati; V. Patera; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. Peck; J. Petrakis; S. Petrera; N. Pignatano; P. Pistilli; F. Predieri; L. Ramello; J. Reynoldson; al et al

doi:10.1086/172921

Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector

S. Ahlen, M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, G. Auriemma, A. Baldini, B. Bam, G. Barbarino, B. Barish, G. Battistoni, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, V. Bisi, C. Bloise, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, P. Campana, D. CampanaM. Carboni, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, C. Chiera, A. Cobis, R. Cormack, A. Corona, S. Coutu, G. DeCataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. DeMarzo, M. De Vincenzi, A. Di Credico, E. Diehl, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, D. Ficenec, C. Forti, L. Foti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, P. Giubellino, M. Grassi, P. Green, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, Alec T Habig, R. Heinz, J. Hong, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, S. Klein, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, C. Lee, D. Levin, P. Lipari, G. Liu, R. Liu, M. Longo, G. Ludlam, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta-Neri, A. Marin, A. Marini, D. Martello, G. Martellotti, A. Marzari Chiesa, M. Masera, P. Matteuzzi, D. Michael, J. L. Miller, P. Monacelli, M. Monteno, S. L. Mufson, J. Musser, S. Nutter, C. Okada, G. Osteria, O. Palamara, S. Parlati, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. Peck, J. Petrakis, S. Petrera, N. Pignatano, P. Pistilli, F. Predieri, L. Ramello, J. Reynoldson, al et al

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

We have analyzed a sample of 1.8 × 10⁶ muons with E_μ ≳ 1.3 TeV collected by the first and second supermodules of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso during the period 1989 February to 1991 February. We have searched for an excess of muons of celestial origin over cosmic-ray background. Our search for steady sources in solid angle bins of AΩ ≈ 3°.0 × 3°.0 in the declination range -5° ≤ δ ≤ 90° was negative; the upper limit with 95% C.L. to the muon flux at mid-latitudes (δ ∼ 45°) is J^steady_μ ≲ 2 × 10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1. In addition, we have searched for muon excesses modulated by the orbital period of selected X-ray sources, including Cyg X-3, Cyg X-1, Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, and 4U 1907+09. For Cyg X-3 we obtained an upper limit with 95% C.L. of J^mod_μ ≤ 8.8 × 10^-13 cm^-2 s^-1. Further, we have no evidence of any bursting activity from Cyg X-3, during our search period, which includes the radio outburst of 1991 January.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	301-311
Number of pages	11
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	412
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/172921
State	Published - Jul 20 1993

Keywords

Elementary particles
Gamma rays: observations

Publisher link

10.1086/172921

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Ahlen, S., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Bam, B., Barbarino, G., Barish, B., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, P., ... et al, A. (1993). Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector. Astrophysical Journal, 412(1), 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1086/172921

Ahlen, S, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Bam, B, Barbarino, G, Barish, B, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, P, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiera, C, Cobis, A, Cormack, R, Corona, A, Coutu, S, DeCataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, DeMarzo, C, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Diehl, E, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Foti, L, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giubellino, P, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Habig, AT, Heinz, R, Hong, J, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Lee, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longo, M, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta-Neri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Martellotti, G, Marzari Chiesa, A, Masera, M, Matteuzzi, P, Michael, D, Miller, JL, Monacelli, P, Monteno, M, Mufson, SL, Musser, J, Nutter, S, Okada, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, N, Pistilli, P, Predieri, F, Ramello, L, Reynoldson, J & et al, A 1993, 'Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 412, no. 1, pp. 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1086/172921

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title = "Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector",

abstract = "We have analyzed a sample of 1.8 × 106 muons with Eμ ≳ 1.3 TeV collected by the first and second supermodules of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso during the period 1989 February to 1991 February. We have searched for an excess of muons of celestial origin over cosmic-ray background. Our search for steady sources in solid angle bins of AΩ ≈ 3°.0 × 3°.0 in the declination range -5° ≤ δ ≤ 90° was negative; the upper limit with 95% C.L. to the muon flux at mid-latitudes (δ ∼ 45°) is Jsteadyμ ≲ 2 × 10-12 cm-2 s-1. In addition, we have searched for muon excesses modulated by the orbital period of selected X-ray sources, including Cyg X-3, Cyg X-1, Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, and 4U 1907+09. For Cyg X-3 we obtained an upper limit with 95% C.L. of Jmodμ ≤ 8.8 × 10-13 cm-2 s-1. Further, we have no evidence of any bursting activity from Cyg X-3, during our search period, which includes the radio outburst of 1991 January.",

keywords = "Elementary particles, Gamma rays: observations",

author = "S. Ahlen and M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and G. Auriemma and A. Baldini and B. Bam and G. Barbarino and B. Barish and G. Battistoni and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and V. Bisi and C. Bloise and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and P. Campana and D. Campana and M. Carboni and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and C. Chiera and A. Cobis and R. Cormack and A. Corona and S. Coutu and G. DeCataldo and H. Dekhissi and C. DeMarzo and {De Vincenzi}, M. and {Di Credico}, A. and E. Diehl and O. Erriquez and C. Favuzzi and D. Ficenec and C. Forti and L. Foti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and N. Giglietto and P. Giubellino and M. Grassi and P. Green and A. Grillo and F. Guarino and Habig, {Alec T} and R. Heinz and J. Hong and E. Iarocci and E. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and S. Klein and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and C. Lee and D. Levin and P. Lipari and G. Liu and R. Liu and M. Longo and G. Ludlam and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and A. Margiotta-Neri and A. Marin and A. Marini and D. Martello and G. Martellotti and {Marzari Chiesa}, A. and M. Masera and P. Matteuzzi and D. Michael and Miller, {J. L.} and P. Monacelli and M. Monteno and Mufson, {S. L.} and J. Musser and S. Nutter and C. Okada and G. Osteria and O. Palamara and S. Parlati and V. Patera and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and C. Peck and J. Petrakis and S. Petrera and N. Pignatano and P. Pistilli and F. Predieri and L. Ramello and J. Reynoldson and {et al}, al",

year = "1993",

month = jul,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1086/172921",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "412",

pages = "301--311",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector

AU - Ahlen, S.

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Auriemma, G.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Bam, B.

AU - Barbarino, G.

AU - Barish, B.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bisi, V.

AU - Bloise, C.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, P.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Chiera, C.

AU - Cobis, A.

AU - Cormack, R.

AU - Corona, A.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - DeCataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - DeMarzo, C.

AU - De Vincenzi, M.

AU - Di Credico, A.

AU - Diehl, E.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Ficenec, D.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Foti, L.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giubellino, P.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Green, P.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Habig, Alec T

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Hong, J.

AU - Iarocci, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Klein, S.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Lee, C.

AU - Levin, D.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Liu, G.

AU - Liu, R.

AU - Longo, M.

AU - Ludlam, G.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Margiotta-Neri, A.

AU - Marin, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Martellotti, G.

AU - Marzari Chiesa, A.

AU - Masera, M.

AU - Matteuzzi, P.

AU - Michael, D.

AU - Miller, J. L.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S. L.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nutter, S.

AU - Okada, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Parlati, S.

AU - Patera, V.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C.

AU - Petrakis, J.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Pignatano, N.

AU - Pistilli, P.

AU - Predieri, F.

AU - Ramello, L.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - et al, al

PY - 1993/7/20

Y1 - 1993/7/20

N2 - We have analyzed a sample of 1.8 × 106 muons with Eμ ≳ 1.3 TeV collected by the first and second supermodules of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso during the period 1989 February to 1991 February. We have searched for an excess of muons of celestial origin over cosmic-ray background. Our search for steady sources in solid angle bins of AΩ ≈ 3°.0 × 3°.0 in the declination range -5° ≤ δ ≤ 90° was negative; the upper limit with 95% C.L. to the muon flux at mid-latitudes (δ ∼ 45°) is Jsteadyμ ≲ 2 × 10-12 cm-2 s-1. In addition, we have searched for muon excesses modulated by the orbital period of selected X-ray sources, including Cyg X-3, Cyg X-1, Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, and 4U 1907+09. For Cyg X-3 we obtained an upper limit with 95% C.L. of Jmodμ ≤ 8.8 × 10-13 cm-2 s-1. Further, we have no evidence of any bursting activity from Cyg X-3, during our search period, which includes the radio outburst of 1991 January.

AB - We have analyzed a sample of 1.8 × 106 muons with Eμ ≳ 1.3 TeV collected by the first and second supermodules of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso during the period 1989 February to 1991 February. We have searched for an excess of muons of celestial origin over cosmic-ray background. Our search for steady sources in solid angle bins of AΩ ≈ 3°.0 × 3°.0 in the declination range -5° ≤ δ ≤ 90° was negative; the upper limit with 95% C.L. to the muon flux at mid-latitudes (δ ∼ 45°) is Jsteadyμ ≲ 2 × 10-12 cm-2 s-1. In addition, we have searched for muon excesses modulated by the orbital period of selected X-ray sources, including Cyg X-3, Cyg X-1, Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, and 4U 1907+09. For Cyg X-3 we obtained an upper limit with 95% C.L. of Jmodμ ≤ 8.8 × 10-13 cm-2 s-1. Further, we have no evidence of any bursting activity from Cyg X-3, during our search period, which includes the radio outburst of 1991 January.

KW - Elementary particles

KW - Gamma rays: observations

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0001072572&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1086/172921

DO - 10.1086/172921

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0001072572

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 412

SP - 301

EP - 311

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector

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