Multi-residue determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in aquatic sediments

Yan Wu; Jeremy Moore; Jiehong Guo; An Li; Keith Grasman; Steven Choy; Da Chen

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.036

Multi-residue determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in aquatic sediments

Yan Wu, Jeremy Moore, Jiehong Guo, An Li, Keith Grasman, Steven Choy, Da Chen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

57 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recent studies have discovered a number of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in aquatic sediments and soil. These substances are attracting emerging concern due to their environmental presence, persistence, and potential dioxin-like activities. In response to the increasing interests in these chemicals, the present study aimed to develop an efficient and sensitive analytical methodology for quantitative determination of environmentally relevant PHCZs in aquatic sediments. The developed method employed time- and solvent-saving extraction and cleanup procedures and utilized gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for separation and determination of PHCZ analytes. PHCZs substituted with bromine atom(s) (except for 3-bromocarbazole) or a combination of bromine and chlorine atoms were analyzed by GC-MS in the electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, whereas congeners substituted with chlorine atoms as well as 3-bromocarbazole were analyzed in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. The developed method demonstrated negligible matrix effects, satisfactory and stable recoveries, and low method limits of quantification (0.11-0.53 ng/g dry weight (dw)) of target analytes. Using this method, we successfully determined a number of PHCZs in surface sediments from the Saginaw River system (Michigan, USA) and the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, with the summed concentrations of PHCZ congeners ranging up to 46.3 ng/g dw. Given that further investigations are needed to better elucidate the sources, environmental behavior, fate, and toxicity of PHCZs, highly sensitive and efficient analytical methodologies would be essentially needed to fill in these knowledge gaps.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	111-118
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of Chromatography A
Volume	1434
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.036
State	Published - Feb 19 2016
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was financially supported in part by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRL) and the Faculty Collaborative Seed Grant of the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) . Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. We thank Molly McCool of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and James Boase, Andrew Briggs, Justin Chiotti, Lisa Williams, Steven Kahl, and David Peters of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for logistical and/or field support.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Analytical methodology
Mass spectrometry
Polyhalogenated carbazoles
Saginaw river
Sediment

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10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.036

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title = "Multi-residue determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in aquatic sediments",

abstract = "Recent studies have discovered a number of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in aquatic sediments and soil. These substances are attracting emerging concern due to their environmental presence, persistence, and potential dioxin-like activities. In response to the increasing interests in these chemicals, the present study aimed to develop an efficient and sensitive analytical methodology for quantitative determination of environmentally relevant PHCZs in aquatic sediments. The developed method employed time- and solvent-saving extraction and cleanup procedures and utilized gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for separation and determination of PHCZ analytes. PHCZs substituted with bromine atom(s) (except for 3-bromocarbazole) or a combination of bromine and chlorine atoms were analyzed by GC-MS in the electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, whereas congeners substituted with chlorine atoms as well as 3-bromocarbazole were analyzed in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. The developed method demonstrated negligible matrix effects, satisfactory and stable recoveries, and low method limits of quantification (0.11-0.53 ng/g dry weight (dw)) of target analytes. Using this method, we successfully determined a number of PHCZs in surface sediments from the Saginaw River system (Michigan, USA) and the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, with the summed concentrations of PHCZ congeners ranging up to 46.3 ng/g dw. Given that further investigations are needed to better elucidate the sources, environmental behavior, fate, and toxicity of PHCZs, highly sensitive and efficient analytical methodologies would be essentially needed to fill in these knowledge gaps.",

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author = "Yan Wu and Jeremy Moore and Jiehong Guo and An Li and Keith Grasman and Steven Choy and Da Chen",

note = "Funding Information: This study was financially supported in part by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRL) and the Faculty Collaborative Seed Grant of the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) . Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. We thank Molly McCool of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and James Boase, Andrew Briggs, Justin Chiotti, Lisa Williams, Steven Kahl, and David Peters of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for logistical and/or field support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Elsevier B.V.",

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AU - Moore, Jeremy

AU - Guo, Jiehong

AU - Li, An

AU - Grasman, Keith

AU - Choy, Steven

AU - Chen, Da

N1 - Funding Information: This study was financially supported in part by a Grant Agreement from the United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service with funding from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRL) and the Faculty Collaborative Seed Grant of the Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) . Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the United States Government. We thank Molly McCool of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and James Boase, Andrew Briggs, Justin Chiotti, Lisa Williams, Steven Kahl, and David Peters of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for logistical and/or field support. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2016/2/19

Y1 - 2016/2/19

N2 - Recent studies have discovered a number of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in aquatic sediments and soil. These substances are attracting emerging concern due to their environmental presence, persistence, and potential dioxin-like activities. In response to the increasing interests in these chemicals, the present study aimed to develop an efficient and sensitive analytical methodology for quantitative determination of environmentally relevant PHCZs in aquatic sediments. The developed method employed time- and solvent-saving extraction and cleanup procedures and utilized gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for separation and determination of PHCZ analytes. PHCZs substituted with bromine atom(s) (except for 3-bromocarbazole) or a combination of bromine and chlorine atoms were analyzed by GC-MS in the electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, whereas congeners substituted with chlorine atoms as well as 3-bromocarbazole were analyzed in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. The developed method demonstrated negligible matrix effects, satisfactory and stable recoveries, and low method limits of quantification (0.11-0.53 ng/g dry weight (dw)) of target analytes. Using this method, we successfully determined a number of PHCZs in surface sediments from the Saginaw River system (Michigan, USA) and the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, with the summed concentrations of PHCZ congeners ranging up to 46.3 ng/g dw. Given that further investigations are needed to better elucidate the sources, environmental behavior, fate, and toxicity of PHCZs, highly sensitive and efficient analytical methodologies would be essentially needed to fill in these knowledge gaps.

AB - Recent studies have discovered a number of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) in aquatic sediments and soil. These substances are attracting emerging concern due to their environmental presence, persistence, and potential dioxin-like activities. In response to the increasing interests in these chemicals, the present study aimed to develop an efficient and sensitive analytical methodology for quantitative determination of environmentally relevant PHCZs in aquatic sediments. The developed method employed time- and solvent-saving extraction and cleanup procedures and utilized gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for separation and determination of PHCZ analytes. PHCZs substituted with bromine atom(s) (except for 3-bromocarbazole) or a combination of bromine and chlorine atoms were analyzed by GC-MS in the electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode, whereas congeners substituted with chlorine atoms as well as 3-bromocarbazole were analyzed in electron impact (EI) ionization mode. The developed method demonstrated negligible matrix effects, satisfactory and stable recoveries, and low method limits of quantification (0.11-0.53 ng/g dry weight (dw)) of target analytes. Using this method, we successfully determined a number of PHCZs in surface sediments from the Saginaw River system (Michigan, USA) and the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, with the summed concentrations of PHCZ congeners ranging up to 46.3 ng/g dw. Given that further investigations are needed to better elucidate the sources, environmental behavior, fate, and toxicity of PHCZs, highly sensitive and efficient analytical methodologies would be essentially needed to fill in these knowledge gaps.

KW - Analytical methodology

KW - Mass spectrometry

KW - Polyhalogenated carbazoles

KW - Saginaw river

KW - Sediment

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ER -

Multi-residue determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in aquatic sediments

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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