Monitoring birds in Minnesota's National Forests: providing information for integrated resource management

Off-road, habitat-specific bird monitoring programs were established in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests in 1991. A total of 300 stands were sampled both in 1991 and 1992. Based on counts conducted, it was possible to detect a 10% annual difference in relative abundance of all birds, species richness, ovenbirds, and red-eyed vireos in both forests. A 25% annual change was detected for an additional 27 species in the Chippewa and 20 species in the Superior National Forests.