Abstract
Ketoprofen is a well known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin. The molecular mobility of amorphous ketoprofen has been investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) covering wide temperature and frequency range. Multiple relaxation processes were observed. Besides the primary α-relaxation, one secondary relaxation, γ-have been identified. The γ-process visible in the dielectric spectra at very low temperature is non-JG relaxation, and has an activation energy E = 37.91 kJ/mol typical for local mobility. Based on Ngai's coupling model smaller n or a larger Kohlrausch exponent (1 - n) of the α-relaxation associated with larger τβ (Tg). In the case of ketoprofen we conclude that the secondary relaxation (β) emerging from intermolecular motions, is hidden under the dominant α-peak. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time of the α-process can be described over the entire measured range by a single Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation. From VFT fits, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was estimated as 267.07 K, and a fragility or steepness index m = 86.57 was calculated, showing that ketoprofen is a fragile glass former. Our differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study shows that ketoprofen is a non-crystallizing compound. To confirm the hydrogen bond patterns of ketoprofen FTIR spectroscopy was applied in both crystalline and amorphous phases. Solubility test performed at 37 C proved that amorphous phase is more soluble than the crystalline phase.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 333-340 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
Volume | 49 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 13 2013 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We thank IIT Powai, Mumbai (INDIA), CIL, NIPER, Mohali, (INDIA) and Product development and R&D department of Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, (INDIA) for providing experimental facilities. We are gratefully acknowledged Dr. Arvind K. Bansal, NIPER, Mohali, INDIA for his valuable suggestions during discussion. Sailaja Urpayil acknowledges University Grants Commission, Government of India for the award of a research fellowship under the Faculty Improvement Program (FIP).
Keywords
- Amorphous phase
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy
- Glass transition
- Molecular mobility
- Solubility