TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular Biology and Diversification of Human Retroviruses
AU - Meissner, Morgan E.
AU - Talledge, Nathaniel
AU - Mansky, Louis M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Meissner, Talledge and Mansky.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Studies of retroviruses have led to many extraordinary discoveries that have advanced our understanding of not only human diseases, but also molecular biology as a whole. The most recognizable human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is the causative agent of the global AIDS epidemic and has been extensively studied. Other human retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have received less attention, and many of the assumptions about the replication and biology of these viruses are based on knowledge of HIV-1. Existing comparative studies on human retroviruses, however, have revealed that key differences between these viruses exist that affect evolution, diversification, and potentially pathogenicity. In this review, we examine current insights on disparities in the replication of pathogenic human retroviruses, with a particular focus on the determinants of structural and genetic diversity amongst HIVs and HTLV.
AB - Studies of retroviruses have led to many extraordinary discoveries that have advanced our understanding of not only human diseases, but also molecular biology as a whole. The most recognizable human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is the causative agent of the global AIDS epidemic and has been extensively studied. Other human retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have received less attention, and many of the assumptions about the replication and biology of these viruses are based on knowledge of HIV-1. Existing comparative studies on human retroviruses, however, have revealed that key differences between these viruses exist that affect evolution, diversification, and potentially pathogenicity. In this review, we examine current insights on disparities in the replication of pathogenic human retroviruses, with a particular focus on the determinants of structural and genetic diversity amongst HIVs and HTLV.
KW - diversification
KW - human T-cell leukemia virus
KW - human immunodeficiency virus
KW - molecular biology
KW - retrovirus
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U2 - 10.3389/fviro.2022.872599
DO - 10.3389/fviro.2022.872599
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85146479132
SN - 2673-818X
VL - 2
JO - Frontiers in Virology
JF - Frontiers in Virology
M1 - 872599
ER -