Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs

Manuel Ruiz-García; Armando Castellanos; Luz Agueda Bernal; Myreya Pinedo-Castro; Franz Kaston; Joseph M. Shostell

doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001

Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs

Manuel Ruiz-García, Armando Castellanos, Luz Agueda Bernal, Myreya Pinedo-Castro, Franz Kaston, Joseph M. Shostell

Math, Science, and Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

We sampled 45 Andean mountain tapirs (Tapirus pinchaque) from Colombia and Ecuador and sequenced 15 mitochondrial genes (two rRNA and 13 protein codifying genes)-making up 13,939 base pairs, approximately 83.1% of the total mitochondrial DNA's length. The overall sample had low to medium levels of nucleotide diversity with diversity slightly higher for the Colombian population. Both populations experienced high historical gene flow and our genetic heterogeneity analyses revealed a low genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, we did not detect any molecular subspecies, or significantly different evolutionary units for T. pinchaque. This species experienced a population expansion in the last 100,000 years but this expansion was more pronounced in the Ecuadorian population especially in the last 10,000 years, whereas the Colombian population underwent a strong bottleneck in the last 5,000 years. There was no significant spatial trend in genetic structure for the mountain tapir in Colombia and Ecuador. Phylogenetic analyses did not detect any important geographic clade within this species. Temporal split between T. pinchaque and T. terrestris might have occurred around 7-1.5 million years ago (MYA). T. pinchaque and T. terrestris + T. kabomani are two monophyletic clades, suggesting that T. kabomani is not a full species.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	163-175
Number of pages	13
Journal	Mammalian Biology
Volume	81
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001
State	Published - Mar 1 2016

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for help and permissions from the Ecuadorian Ministerio del Ambiente, Ecofondo, Ecociencia, Zoological Foundation of Ecuador, Instituto para la Conservación y Capacitación Ambiental (ICCA), Tapir Specialist Groups-from Colombia and Ecuador, Andean Bear Foundation in USA and Ecuador and to the Von Humboldt Institute in Villa de Leyva (Colombia). Thanks are also given to Carlos Urgiles, Freddy Gallo, Leopoldo Gómez, Fabian Ascanta and Olimpo Gómez to help to obtain samples of T. pinchaque in Cuyuja and in Oyacachi (Ecuador). Also thanks to Dr. Diana Alvarez, Pablo Escobar-Armel and Luisa Fernanda Castellanos-Mora for their respective help in obtaining T. pinchaque and T. terrestris samples during the last 18 years in Colombia.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde.

Keywords

Genetic diversity
Mitochondrial DNA
Phylogenetic analyses
Spatial genetic structure
Tapirus pinchaque

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10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001

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Ruiz-García, M., Castellanos, A., Bernal, L. A., Pinedo-Castro, M., Kaston, F., & Shostell, J. M. (2016). Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs. Mammalian Biology, 81(2), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001

Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs. / Ruiz-García, Manuel; Castellanos, Armando; Bernal, Luz Agueda et al.
In: Mammalian Biology, Vol. 81, No. 2, 01.03.2016, p. 163-175.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Ruiz-García, M, Castellanos, A, Bernal, LA, Pinedo-Castro, M, Kaston, F & Shostell, JM 2016, 'Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs', Mammalian Biology, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2015.11.001

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abstract = "We sampled 45 Andean mountain tapirs (Tapirus pinchaque) from Colombia and Ecuador and sequenced 15 mitochondrial genes (two rRNA and 13 protein codifying genes)-making up 13,939 base pairs, approximately 83.1% of the total mitochondrial DNA's length. The overall sample had low to medium levels of nucleotide diversity with diversity slightly higher for the Colombian population. Both populations experienced high historical gene flow and our genetic heterogeneity analyses revealed a low genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, we did not detect any molecular subspecies, or significantly different evolutionary units for T. pinchaque. This species experienced a population expansion in the last 100,000 years but this expansion was more pronounced in the Ecuadorian population especially in the last 10,000 years, whereas the Colombian population underwent a strong bottleneck in the last 5,000 years. There was no significant spatial trend in genetic structure for the mountain tapir in Colombia and Ecuador. Phylogenetic analyses did not detect any important geographic clade within this species. Temporal split between T. pinchaque and T. terrestris might have occurred around 7-1.5 million years ago (MYA). T. pinchaque and T. terrestris + T. kabomani are two monophyletic clades, suggesting that T. kabomani is not a full species.",

keywords = "Genetic diversity, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogenetic analyses, Spatial genetic structure, Tapirus pinchaque",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful for help and permissions from the Ecuadorian Ministerio del Ambiente, Ecofondo, Ecociencia, Zoological Foundation of Ecuador, Instituto para la Conservaci{\'o}n y Capacitaci{\'o}n Ambiental (ICCA), Tapir Specialist Groups-from Colombia and Ecuador, Andean Bear Foundation in USA and Ecuador and to the Von Humboldt Institute in Villa de Leyva (Colombia). Thanks are also given to Carlos Urgiles, Freddy Gallo, Leopoldo G{\'o}mez, Fabian Ascanta and Olimpo G{\'o}mez to help to obtain samples of T. pinchaque in Cuyuja and in Oyacachi (Ecuador). Also thanks to Dr. Diana Alvarez, Pablo Escobar-Armel and Luisa Fernanda Castellanos-Mora for their respective help in obtaining T. pinchaque and T. terrestris samples during the last 18 years in Colombia. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r S{\"a}ugetierkunde.",

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Mitogenomics of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque, Tapiridae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in Colombia and Ecuador: Phylogeography and insights into the origin and systematics of the South American tapirs

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Publisher link

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