Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures

Angela L. Caipa Garcia; Jill E. Kucab; Halh Al-Serori; Rebekah S.S. Beck; Franziska Fischer; Matthias Hufnagel; Andrea Hartwig; Andrew C Floeder; Silvia Balbo; Hayley Francies; Mathew Garnett; Meritxell Huch; Jarno Drost; Matthias Zilbauer; Volker M. Arlt; David H. Phillips

doi:10.3390/ijms24010606

Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures

Angela L. Caipa Garcia, Jill E. Kucab, Halh Al-Serori, Rebekah S.S. Beck, Franziska Fischer, Matthias Hufnagel, Andrea Hartwig, Andrew C Floeder, Silvia Balbo, Hayley Francies, Mathew Garnett, Meritxell Huch, Jarno Drost, Matthias Zilbauer, Volker M. Arlt, David H. Phillips

Environmental Health Sciences

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Abstract

Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	606
Journal	International journal of molecular sciences
Volume	24
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010606
State	Published - Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/N013700/1 to A.L.C.G.) and King’s College London, which is a member of the MRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Biomedical Sciences, and by Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge Award “Mutographs of Cancer” (C98/A24032). D.H.P. is a member of the Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, a partnership with UK Health Security Agency and Imperial College London, which is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

3D culture
benzo[a]pyrene
carcinogen
CYP1A1
DNA adducts
DNA damage response
human tissue organoid
NQO1
RT-qPCR

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10.3390/ijms24010606

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Caipa Garcia, A. L., Kucab, J. E., Al-Serori, H., Beck, R. S. S., Fischer, F., Hufnagel, M., Hartwig, A., Floeder, A. C., Balbo, S., Francies, H., Garnett, M., Huch, M., Drost, J., Zilbauer, M., Arlt, V. M., & Phillips, D. H. (2023). Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures. International journal of molecular sciences, 24(1), [606]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010606

Caipa Garcia, AL, Kucab, JE, Al-Serori, H, Beck, RSS, Fischer, F, Hufnagel, M, Hartwig, A, Floeder, AC, Balbo, S, Francies, H, Garnett, M, Huch, M, Drost, J, Zilbauer, M, Arlt, VM & Phillips, DH 2023, 'Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures', International journal of molecular sciences, vol. 24, no. 1, 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010606

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title = "Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures",

abstract = "Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.",

keywords = "3D culture, benzo[a]pyrene, carcinogen, CYP1A1, DNA adducts, DNA damage response, human tissue organoid, NQO1, RT-qPCR",

author = "{Caipa Garcia}, {Angela L.} and Kucab, {Jill E.} and Halh Al-Serori and Beck, {Rebekah S.S.} and Franziska Fischer and Matthias Hufnagel and Andrea Hartwig and Floeder, {Andrew C} and Silvia Balbo and Hayley Francies and Mathew Garnett and Meritxell Huch and Jarno Drost and Matthias Zilbauer and Arlt, {Volker M.} and Phillips, {David H.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/N013700/1 to A.L.C.G.) and King{\textquoteright}s College London, which is a member of the MRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Biomedical Sciences, and by Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge Award “Mutographs of Cancer” (C98/A24032). D.H.P. is a member of the Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, a partnership with UK Health Security Agency and Imperial College London, which is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

year = "2023",

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doi = "10.3390/ijms24010606",

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AU - Caipa Garcia, Angela L.

AU - Kucab, Jill E.

AU - Al-Serori, Halh

AU - Beck, Rebekah S.S.

AU - Fischer, Franziska

AU - Hufnagel, Matthias

AU - Hartwig, Andrea

AU - Floeder, Andrew C

AU - Balbo, Silvia

AU - Francies, Hayley

AU - Garnett, Mathew

AU - Huch, Meritxell

AU - Drost, Jarno

AU - Zilbauer, Matthias

AU - Arlt, Volker M.

AU - Phillips, David H.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/N013700/1 to A.L.C.G.) and King’s College London, which is a member of the MRC Doctoral Training Partnership in Biomedical Sciences, and by Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge Award “Mutographs of Cancer” (C98/A24032). D.H.P. is a member of the Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, a partnership with UK Health Security Agency and Imperial College London, which is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2023/1

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N2 - Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.

AB - Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.

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Metabolic Activation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures

Abstract

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Keywords

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