Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting

Martin Schwellnus; Courtney Kipps; William O. Roberts; Jonathan A. Drezner; Pierre D'Hemecourt; Chris Troyanos; Dina Christina Janse Van Rensburg; Jannelene Killops; Jill Borresen; Mark Harrast; Paolo E. Adami; Stéphane Bermon; Xavier Bigard; Sergio Migliorini; Esme Jordaan; Mats Borjesson

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting

Martin Schwellnus, Courtney Kipps, William O. Roberts, Jonathan A. Drezner, Pierre D'Hemecourt, Chris Troyanos, Dina Christina Janse Van Rensburg, Jannelene Killops, Jill Borresen, Mark Harrast, Paolo E. Adami, Stéphane Bermon, Xavier Bigard, Sergio Migliorini, Esme Jordaan, Mats Borjesson

Family Medicine and Community Health (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

29 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mass participation endurance sports events are popular but a large number of participants are older and may be at risk of medical complications during events. Medical encounters (defined fully in the statement) include those traditionally considered a € musculoskeletal' (eg, strains) and those due to a € illness' (eg, cardiac, respiratory, endocrine). The rate of sudden death during mass endurance events (running, cycling and triathlon) is between 0.4 and 3.3 per 100 000 entrants. The rate of other serious medical encounters (eg, exertional heat stroke, hyponatraemia) is rarely reported; in runners it can be up to 100 times higher than that of sudden death, that is, between 16 and 155 per 100 000 race entrants. This consensus statement has two goals. It (1) defines terms for injury and illness-related medical encounters, severity and timing of medical encounters, and diagnostic categories of medical encounters, and (2) describes the methods for recording data at mass participation endurance sports events and reporting results to authorities and for publication. This unifying consensus statement will allow data from various events to be compared and aggregated. This will inform athlete/patient management, and thus make endurance events safer.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1048-1055
Number of pages	8
Journal	British journal of sports medicine
Volume	53
Issue number	17
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092
State	Published - Sep 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 2Director, IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 3ISEH, University College London, London, UK 4Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA 5Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 6Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 7International Institute for Race Medicine (IIRM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA 8Section Sports Medicine and Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 9Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 10Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 11Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 12IAAF Health and Science Department, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Rome, Italy 13Department of Health and Science, IAAF, Monte Carlo, Monaco 14Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), Aigle, Switzerland 15International Triathlon Union (ITU), Novara, Italy 16Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa 17Neuosciences and Physiology, Goteborgs Universitet Sahlgrenska Akademin, Goteborg, Sweden 18Ostra Sjukhuset, Goteborg, Sweden Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the contributions of medical staff for their service to the athletes participating in endurance events over many years, race organisers who support this consensus and all the athletes for their interest and participation in the races.

Funding Information:
funding Partial funding for generating the consensus was received from two IOC Research Grants: (1) IOC Research Center grant to the University of Pretoria and (2) IOC Grant for study entitled: ’Reducing Medical Complications and Injuries at Endurance Sports Events: A 20-year Longitudinal Study (2008–2027). INTERNATIONAL MILLION+ ATHLETE PROJECT-SAFER (IMAPS)’.

Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Keywords

SAFER
cycling
endurance
epidemiology
illness
injury
medical encounters
methodology
running
sport
swimming
triathlon
Disease
Athletic Injuries/epidemiology
Humans
Data Collection/standards
Sports Medicine/standards
Physical Endurance
Consensus
Crowding
Emergency Medical Services
Sports

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article

Publisher link

10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

Find It

Find It at U of M Libraries

Cite this

Schwellnus, M., Kipps, C., Roberts, W. O., Drezner, J. A., D'Hemecourt, P., Troyanos, C., Janse Van Rensburg, D. C., Killops, J., Borresen, J., Harrast, M., Adami, P. E., Bermon, S., Bigard, X., Migliorini, S., Jordaan, E., & Borjesson, M. (2019). Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting. British journal of sports medicine, 53(17), 1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events : An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting. / Schwellnus, Martin; Kipps, Courtney; Roberts, William O. et al.

In: British journal of sports medicine, Vol. 53, No. 17, 01.09.2019, p. 1048-1055.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Schwellnus, M, Kipps, C, Roberts, WO, Drezner, JA, D'Hemecourt, P, Troyanos, C, Janse Van Rensburg, DC, Killops, J, Borresen, J, Harrast, M, Adami, PE, Bermon, S, Bigard, X, Migliorini, S, Jordaan, E & Borjesson, M 2019, 'Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting', British journal of sports medicine, vol. 53, no. 17, pp. 1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

Schwellnus M, Kipps C, Roberts WO, Drezner JA, D'Hemecourt P, Troyanos C et al. Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting. British journal of sports medicine. 2019 Sep 1;53(17):1048-1055. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

@article{810540035c114c77b8c449e6c8959fa6,

title = "Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting",

abstract = "Mass participation endurance sports events are popular but a large number of participants are older and may be at risk of medical complications during events. Medical encounters (defined fully in the statement) include those traditionally considered a € musculoskeletal' (eg, strains) and those due to a € illness' (eg, cardiac, respiratory, endocrine). The rate of sudden death during mass endurance events (running, cycling and triathlon) is between 0.4 and 3.3 per 100 000 entrants. The rate of other serious medical encounters (eg, exertional heat stroke, hyponatraemia) is rarely reported; in runners it can be up to 100 times higher than that of sudden death, that is, between 16 and 155 per 100 000 race entrants. This consensus statement has two goals. It (1) defines terms for injury and illness-related medical encounters, severity and timing of medical encounters, and diagnostic categories of medical encounters, and (2) describes the methods for recording data at mass participation endurance sports events and reporting results to authorities and for publication. This unifying consensus statement will allow data from various events to be compared and aggregated. This will inform athlete/patient management, and thus make endurance events safer.",

keywords = "SAFER, cycling, endurance, epidemiology, illness, injury, medical encounters, methodology, running, sport, swimming, triathlon, Disease, Athletic Injuries/epidemiology, Humans, Data Collection/standards, Sports Medicine/standards, Physical Endurance, Consensus, Crowding, Emergency Medical Services, Sports",

author = "Martin Schwellnus and Courtney Kipps and Roberts, {William O.} and Drezner, {Jonathan A.} and Pierre D'Hemecourt and Chris Troyanos and {Janse Van Rensburg}, {Dina Christina} and Jannelene Killops and Jill Borresen and Mark Harrast and Adami, {Paolo E.} and St{\'e}phane Bermon and Xavier Bigard and Sergio Migliorini and Esme Jordaan and Mats Borjesson",

note = "Funding Information: 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 2Director, IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 3ISEH, University College London, London, UK 4Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA 5Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 6Sports Medicine, Boston Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 7International Institute for Race Medicine (IIRM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA 8Section Sports Medicine and Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 9Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 10Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 11Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 12IAAF Health and Science Department, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Rome, Italy 13Department of Health and Science, IAAF, Monte Carlo, Monaco 14Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), Aigle, Switzerland 15International Triathlon Union (ITU), Novara, Italy 16Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa 17Neuosciences and Physiology, Goteborgs Universitet Sahlgrenska Akademin, Goteborg, Sweden 18Ostra Sjukhuset, Goteborg, Sweden Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the contributions of medical staff for their service to the athletes participating in endurance events over many years, race organisers who support this consensus and all the athletes for their interest and participation in the races. Funding Information: funding Partial funding for generating the consensus was received from two IOC Research Grants: (1) IOC Research Center grant to the University of Pretoria and (2) IOC Grant for study entitled: {\textquoteright}Reducing Medical Complications and Injuries at Endurance Sports Events: A 20-year Longitudinal Study (2008–2027). INTERNATIONAL MILLION+ ATHLETE PROJECT-SAFER (IMAPS){\textquoteright}. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.",

year = "2019",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "53",

pages = "1048--1055",

journal = "British Journal of Sports Medicine",

issn = "0306-3674",

publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",

number = "17",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events

T2 - An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting

AU - Schwellnus, Martin

AU - Kipps, Courtney

AU - Roberts, William O.

AU - Drezner, Jonathan A.

AU - D'Hemecourt, Pierre

AU - Troyanos, Chris

AU - Janse Van Rensburg, Dina Christina

AU - Killops, Jannelene

AU - Borresen, Jill

AU - Harrast, Mark

AU - Adami, Paolo E.

AU - Bermon, Stéphane

AU - Bigard, Xavier

AU - Migliorini, Sergio

AU - Jordaan, Esme

AU - Borjesson, Mats

N1 - Funding Information: 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 2Director, IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 3ISEH, University College London, London, UK 4Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA 5Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 6Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 7International Institute for Race Medicine (IIRM), Boston, Massachusetts, USA 8Section Sports Medicine and Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 9Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 10Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa 11Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 12IAAF Health and Science Department, International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), Rome, Italy 13Department of Health and Science, IAAF, Monte Carlo, Monaco 14Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), Aigle, Switzerland 15International Triathlon Union (ITU), Novara, Italy 16Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Parow, South Africa 17Neuosciences and Physiology, Goteborgs Universitet Sahlgrenska Akademin, Goteborg, Sweden 18Ostra Sjukhuset, Goteborg, Sweden Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the contributions of medical staff for their service to the athletes participating in endurance events over many years, race organisers who support this consensus and all the athletes for their interest and participation in the races. Funding Information: funding Partial funding for generating the consensus was received from two IOC Research Grants: (1) IOC Research Center grant to the University of Pretoria and (2) IOC Grant for study entitled: ’Reducing Medical Complications and Injuries at Endurance Sports Events: A 20-year Longitudinal Study (2008–2027). INTERNATIONAL MILLION+ ATHLETE PROJECT-SAFER (IMAPS)’. Publisher Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

PY - 2019/9/1

Y1 - 2019/9/1

N2 - Mass participation endurance sports events are popular but a large number of participants are older and may be at risk of medical complications during events. Medical encounters (defined fully in the statement) include those traditionally considered a € musculoskeletal' (eg, strains) and those due to a € illness' (eg, cardiac, respiratory, endocrine). The rate of sudden death during mass endurance events (running, cycling and triathlon) is between 0.4 and 3.3 per 100 000 entrants. The rate of other serious medical encounters (eg, exertional heat stroke, hyponatraemia) is rarely reported; in runners it can be up to 100 times higher than that of sudden death, that is, between 16 and 155 per 100 000 race entrants. This consensus statement has two goals. It (1) defines terms for injury and illness-related medical encounters, severity and timing of medical encounters, and diagnostic categories of medical encounters, and (2) describes the methods for recording data at mass participation endurance sports events and reporting results to authorities and for publication. This unifying consensus statement will allow data from various events to be compared and aggregated. This will inform athlete/patient management, and thus make endurance events safer.

AB - Mass participation endurance sports events are popular but a large number of participants are older and may be at risk of medical complications during events. Medical encounters (defined fully in the statement) include those traditionally considered a € musculoskeletal' (eg, strains) and those due to a € illness' (eg, cardiac, respiratory, endocrine). The rate of sudden death during mass endurance events (running, cycling and triathlon) is between 0.4 and 3.3 per 100 000 entrants. The rate of other serious medical encounters (eg, exertional heat stroke, hyponatraemia) is rarely reported; in runners it can be up to 100 times higher than that of sudden death, that is, between 16 and 155 per 100 000 race entrants. This consensus statement has two goals. It (1) defines terms for injury and illness-related medical encounters, severity and timing of medical encounters, and diagnostic categories of medical encounters, and (2) describes the methods for recording data at mass participation endurance sports events and reporting results to authorities and for publication. This unifying consensus statement will allow data from various events to be compared and aggregated. This will inform athlete/patient management, and thus make endurance events safer.

KW - SAFER

KW - cycling

KW - endurance

KW - epidemiology

KW - illness

KW - injury

KW - medical encounters

KW - methodology

KW - running

KW - sport

KW - swimming

KW - triathlon

KW - Disease

KW - Athletic Injuries/epidemiology

KW - Humans

KW - Data Collection/standards

KW - Sports Medicine/standards

KW - Physical Endurance

KW - Consensus

KW - Crowding

KW - Emergency Medical Services

KW - Sports

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062074052&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062074052&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

DO - 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100092

M3 - Article

C2 - 30796105

AN - SCOPUS:85062074052

SN - 0306-3674

VL - 53

SP - 1048

EP - 1055

JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine

JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine

IS - 17

ER -

Medical encounters (including injury and illness) at mass community-based endurance sports events: An international consensus statement on definitions and methods of data recording and reporting

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Publisher link

Find It

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this