Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande

Y. Fukuda; T. Hayakawa; E. Ichihara; K. Inoue; K. Ishihara; H. Ishino; Y. Itow; T. Kajita; J. Kameda; S. Kasuga; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Koshio; M. Miura; M. Nakahata; S. Nakayama; A. Okada; K. Okumura; N. Sakurai; M. Shiozawa; Y. Suzuki; Y. Takeuchi; Y. Totsuka; S. Yamada; M. Earl; A. Habig; E. Kearns; M. D. Messier; K. Scholberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; C. W. Walter; M. Goldhaber; T. Barszczak; D. Casper; W. Gajewski; W. R. Kropp; L. R. Price; F. Reines; M. Smy; H. W. Sobel; M. R. Vagins; K. S. Ganezer; W. E. Keig; R. W. Ellsworth; S. Tasaka; J. W. Flanagan; A. Kibayashi; J. G. Learned; S. Matsuno; V. J. Stenger; D. Takemori; T. Ishii; J. Kanzaki; T. Kobayashi; S. Mine; K. Nakamura; K. Nishikawa; Y. Oyama; A. Sakai; M. Sakuda; O. Sasaki; S. Echigo; M. Kohama; A. T. Suzuki; T. J. Haines; E. Blaufuss; B. K. Kim; R. Sanford; R. Svoboda; M. L. Chen; J. A. Goodman; G. W. Sullivan; J. Hill; C. K. Jung; K. Martens; C. Mauger; C. McGrew; E. Sharkey; B. Viren; C. Yanagisawa; W. Doki; K. Miyano; H. Okazawa; C. Saji; M. Takahata; Y. Nagashima; M. Takita; T. Yamaguchi; M. Yoshida; S. B. Kim; M. Etoh; K. Fujita; A. Hasegawa; T. Hasegawa; S. Hatakeyama; T. Iwamoto; M. Koga; T. Maruyama; H. Ogawa; J. Shirai; A. Suzuki; F. Tsushima; M. Koshiba; M. Nemoto; K. Nishijima; T. Futagami; Y. Hayato; Y. Kanaya; K. Kaneyuki; Y. Watanabe; D. Kielczewska; R. A. Doyle; J. S. George; A. L. Stachyra; L. L. Wai; R. J. Wilkes; K. K. Young

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande

Y. Fukuda
, T. Hayakawa
, E. Ichihara
, K. Inoue
, K. Ishihara
, H. Ishino
, Y. Itow
, T. Kajita
, J. Kameda
, S. Kasuga
, K. Kobayashi
, Y. Kobayashi
, Y. Koshio
, M. Miura
, M. Nakahata
, S. Nakayama
, A. Okada
, K. Okumura
, N. Sakurai
, M. Shiozawa

Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, S. Yamada, M. Earl, A. Habig, E. Kearns, M. D. Messier, K. Scholberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, C. W. Walter, M. Goldhaber, T. Barszczak, D. Casper, W. Gajewski, W. R. Kropp, L. R. Price, F. Reines, M. Smy, H. W. Sobel, M. R. Vagins, K. S. Ganezer, W. E. Keig, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, J. W. Flanagan, A. Kibayashi, J. G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. J. Stenger, D. Takemori, T. Ishii, J. Kanzaki, T. Kobayashi, S. Mine, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, M. Kohama, A. T. Suzuki, T. J. Haines, E. Blaufuss, B. K. Kim, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, M. L. Chen, J. A. Goodman, G. W. Sullivan, J. Hill, C. K. Jung, K. Martens, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, K. Miyano, H. Okazawa, C. Saji, M. Takahata, Y. Nagashima, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, S. B. Kim, M. Etoh, K. Fujita, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, T. Iwamoto, M. Koga, T. Maruyama, H. Ogawa, J. Shirai, A. Suzuki, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, T. Futagami, Y. Hayato, Y. Kanaya, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, R. A. Doyle, J. S. George, A. L. Stachyra, L. L. Wai, R. J. Wilkes, K. K. Young

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

636 Scopus citations

Abstract

A total of 614 upward throughgoing muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is [1.74±0.07(stat)±0.02(sys)]×10^-13cm^-2s^-1sr^-1 compared to an expected flux of [1.97±0.44(theor)]×10^-13cm^-2s^-1sr^-1. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith-angle dependence of the observed upward throughgoing muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the v_μ⟷v_τ oscillation hypothesis with sin²2θ> 0.4 and 1×10^-3Δm²<1×10^-1eV² at 90% confidence level.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2644-2648
Number of pages	5
Journal	Physical review letters
Volume	82
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644
State	Published - 1999

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

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Fukuda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Ichihara, E., Inoue, K., Ishihara, K., Ishino, H., Itow, Y., Kajita, T., Kameda, J., Kasuga, S., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Koshio, Y., Miura, M., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Okada, A., Okumura, K., Sakurai, N., ... Young, K. K. (1999). Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande. Physical review letters, 82(13), 2644-2648. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

Fukuda, Y, Hayakawa, T, Ichihara, E, Inoue, K, Ishihara, K, Ishino, H, Itow, Y, Kajita, T, Kameda, J, Kasuga, S, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Koshio, Y, Miura, M, Nakahata, M, Nakayama, S, Okada, A, Okumura, K, Sakurai, N, Shiozawa, M, Suzuki, Y, Takeuchi, Y, Totsuka, Y, Yamada, S, Earl, M, Habig, A, Kearns, E, Messier, MD, Scholberg, K, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Walter, CW, Goldhaber, M, Barszczak, T, Casper, D, Gajewski, W, Kropp, WR, Price, LR, Reines, F, Smy, M, Sobel, HW, Vagins, MR, Ganezer, KS, Keig, WE, Ellsworth, RW, Tasaka, S, Flanagan, JW, Kibayashi, A, Learned, JG, Matsuno, S, Stenger, VJ, Takemori, D, Ishii, T, Kanzaki, J, Kobayashi, T, Mine, S, Nakamura, K, Nishikawa, K, Oyama, Y, Sakai, A, Sakuda, M, Sasaki, O, Echigo, S, Kohama, M, Suzuki, AT, Haines, TJ, Blaufuss, E, Kim, BK, Sanford, R, Svoboda, R, Chen, ML, Goodman, JA, Sullivan, GW, Hill, J, Jung, CK, Martens, K, Mauger, C, McGrew, C, Sharkey, E, Viren, B, Yanagisawa, C, Doki, W, Miyano, K, Okazawa, H, Saji, C, Takahata, M, Nagashima, Y, Takita, M, Yamaguchi, T, Yoshida, M, Kim, SB, Etoh, M, Fujita, K, Hasegawa, A, Hasegawa, T, Hatakeyama, S, Iwamoto, T, Koga, M, Maruyama, T, Ogawa, H, Shirai, J, Suzuki, A, Tsushima, F, Koshiba, M, Nemoto, M, Nishijima, K, Futagami, T, Hayato, Y, Kanaya, Y, Kaneyuki, K, Watanabe, Y, Kielczewska, D, Doyle, RA, George, JS, Stachyra, AL, Wai, LL, Wilkes, RJ & Young, KK 1999, 'Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande', Physical review letters, vol. 82, no. 13, pp. 2644-2648. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

@article{063f0cf5485943a1a880ec9397af58f5,

title = "Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande",

abstract = "A total of 614 upward throughgoing muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is [1.74±0.07(stat)±0.02(sys)]{\texttimes}10-13cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of [1.97±0.44(theor)]{\texttimes}10-13cm-2s-1sr-1. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith-angle dependence of the observed upward throughgoing muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the vμ⟷vτ oscillation hypothesis with sin22θ> 0.4 and 1{\texttimes}10-3Δm2<1{\texttimes}10-1eV2 at 90\% confidence level.",

author = "Y. Fukuda and T. Hayakawa and E. Ichihara and K. Inoue and K. Ishihara and H. Ishino and Y. Itow and T. Kajita and J. Kameda and S. Kasuga and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Koshio and M. Miura and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and A. Okada and K. Okumura and N. Sakurai and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and Y. Takeuchi and Y. Totsuka and S. Yamada and M. Earl and A. Habig and E. Kearns and Messier, \{M. D.\} and K. Scholberg and Stone, \{J. L.\} and Sulak, \{L. R.\} and Walter, \{C. W.\} and M. Goldhaber and T. Barszczak and D. Casper and W. Gajewski and Kropp, \{W. R.\} and Price, \{L. R.\} and F. Reines and M. Smy and Sobel, \{H. W.\} and Vagins, \{M. R.\} and Ganezer, \{K. S.\} and Keig, \{W. E.\} and Ellsworth, \{R. W.\} and S. Tasaka and Flanagan, \{J. W.\} and A. Kibayashi and Learned, \{J. G.\} and S. Matsuno and Stenger, \{V. J.\} and D. Takemori and T. Ishii and J. Kanzaki and T. Kobayashi and S. Mine and K. Nakamura and K. Nishikawa and Y. Oyama and A. Sakai and M. Sakuda and O. Sasaki and S. Echigo and M. Kohama and Suzuki, \{A. T.\} and Haines, \{T. J.\} and E. Blaufuss and Kim, \{B. K.\} and R. Sanford and R. Svoboda and Chen, \{M. L.\} and Goodman, \{J. A.\} and Sullivan, \{G. W.\} and J. Hill and Jung, \{C. K.\} and K. Martens and C. Mauger and C. McGrew and E. Sharkey and B. Viren and C. Yanagisawa and W. Doki and K. Miyano and H. Okazawa and C. Saji and M. Takahata and Y. Nagashima and M. Takita and T. Yamaguchi and M. Yoshida and Kim, \{S. B.\} and M. Etoh and K. Fujita and A. Hasegawa and T. Hasegawa and S. Hatakeyama and T. Iwamoto and M. Koga and T. Maruyama and H. Ogawa and J. Shirai and A. Suzuki and F. Tsushima and M. Koshiba and M. Nemoto and K. Nishijima and T. Futagami and Y. Hayato and Y. Kanaya and K. Kaneyuki and Y. Watanabe and D. Kielczewska and Doyle, \{R. A.\} and George, \{J. S.\} and Stachyra, \{A. L.\} and Wai, \{L. L.\} and Wilkes, \{R. J.\} and Young, \{K. K.\}",

year = "1999",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "82",

pages = "2644--2648",

journal = "Physical review letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "13",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande

AU - Fukuda, Y.

AU - Hayakawa, T.

AU - Ichihara, E.

AU - Inoue, K.

AU - Ishihara, K.

AU - Ishino, H.

AU - Itow, Y.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kasuga, S.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Koshio, Y.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Okada, A.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeuchi, Y.

AU - Totsuka, Y.

AU - Yamada, S.

AU - Earl, M.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Messier, M. D.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Goldhaber, M.

AU - Barszczak, T.

AU - Casper, D.

AU - Gajewski, W.

AU - Kropp, W. R.

AU - Price, L. R.

AU - Reines, F.

AU - Smy, M.

AU - Sobel, H. W.

AU - Vagins, M. R.

AU - Ganezer, K. S.

AU - Keig, W. E.

AU - Ellsworth, R. W.

AU - Tasaka, S.

AU - Flanagan, J. W.

AU - Kibayashi, A.

AU - Learned, J. G.

AU - Matsuno, S.

AU - Stenger, V. J.

AU - Takemori, D.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Kanzaki, J.

AU - Kobayashi, T.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Nakamura, K.

AU - Nishikawa, K.

AU - Oyama, Y.

AU - Sakai, A.

AU - Sakuda, M.

AU - Sasaki, O.

AU - Echigo, S.

AU - Kohama, M.

AU - Suzuki, A. T.

AU - Haines, T. J.

AU - Blaufuss, E.

AU - Kim, B. K.

AU - Sanford, R.

AU - Svoboda, R.

AU - Chen, M. L.

AU - Goodman, J. A.

AU - Sullivan, G. W.

AU - Hill, J.

AU - Jung, C. K.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Mauger, C.

AU - McGrew, C.

AU - Sharkey, E.

AU - Viren, B.

AU - Yanagisawa, C.

AU - Doki, W.

AU - Miyano, K.

AU - Okazawa, H.

AU - Saji, C.

AU - Takahata, M.

AU - Nagashima, Y.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Yamaguchi, T.

AU - Yoshida, M.

AU - Kim, S. B.

AU - Etoh, M.

AU - Fujita, K.

AU - Hasegawa, A.

AU - Hasegawa, T.

AU - Hatakeyama, S.

AU - Iwamoto, T.

AU - Koga, M.

AU - Maruyama, T.

AU - Ogawa, H.

AU - Shirai, J.

AU - Suzuki, A.

AU - Tsushima, F.

AU - Koshiba, M.

AU - Nemoto, M.

AU - Nishijima, K.

AU - Futagami, T.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Kanaya, Y.

AU - Kaneyuki, K.

AU - Watanabe, Y.

AU - Kielczewska, D.

AU - Doyle, R. A.

AU - George, J. S.

AU - Stachyra, A. L.

AU - Wai, L. L.

AU - Wilkes, R. J.

AU - Young, K. K.

PY - 1999

Y1 - 1999

N2 - A total of 614 upward throughgoing muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is [1.74±0.07(stat)±0.02(sys)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of [1.97±0.44(theor)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith-angle dependence of the observed upward throughgoing muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the vμ⟷vτ oscillation hypothesis with sin22θ> 0.4 and 1×10-3Δm2<1×10-1eV2 at 90% confidence level.

AB - A total of 614 upward throughgoing muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is [1.74±0.07(stat)±0.02(sys)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of [1.97±0.44(theor)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith-angle dependence of the observed upward throughgoing muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the vμ⟷vτ oscillation hypothesis with sin22θ> 0.4 and 1×10-3Δm2<1×10-1eV2 at 90% confidence level.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/17044436796

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/17044436796#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:17044436796

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 82

SP - 2644

EP - 2648

JO - Physical review letters

JF - Physical review letters

IS - 13

ER -

Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande

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