Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	092009
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	107
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009
State	Published - May 1 2023
Externally published	Yes

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© 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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@article{09428202e2d045d4a4b25d42fc7e38ad,

title = "Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water",

abstract = "Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.",

author = "{(The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)} and M. Shinoki and K. Abe and Y. Hayato and K. Hiraide and K. Hosokawa and K. Ieki and M. Ikeda and J. Kameda and Y. Kanemura and R. Kaneshima and Y. Kashiwagi and Y. Kataoka and S. Miki and S. Mine and M. Miura and S. Moriyama and Y. Nakano and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and Y. Noguchi and K. Okamoto and K. Sato and H. Sekiya and H. Shiba and K. Shimizu and M. Shiozawa and Y. Sonoda and Y. Suzuki and A. Takeda and Y. Takemoto and A. Takenaka and H. Tanaka and S. Watanabe and T. Yano and S. Han and T. Kajita and K. Okumura and T. Tashiro and T. Tomiya and X. Wang and S. Yoshida and Megias, {G. D.} and P. Fernandez and L. Labarga and N. Ospina and B. Zaldivar and Pointon, {B. W.} and E. Kearns and J. Bian and Wilking, {M. J.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"}Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.",

year = "2023",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "107",

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issn = "2470-0010",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

AU - (The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration)

AU - Shinoki, M.

AU - Abe, K.

AU - Hayato, Y.

AU - Hiraide, K.

AU - Hosokawa, K.

AU - Ieki, K.

AU - Ikeda, M.

AU - Kameda, J.

AU - Kanemura, Y.

AU - Kaneshima, R.

AU - Kashiwagi, Y.

AU - Kataoka, Y.

AU - Miki, S.

AU - Mine, S.

AU - Miura, M.

AU - Moriyama, S.

AU - Nakano, Y.

AU - Nakahata, M.

AU - Nakayama, S.

AU - Noguchi, Y.

AU - Okamoto, K.

AU - Sato, K.

AU - Sekiya, H.

AU - Shiba, H.

AU - Shimizu, K.

AU - Shiozawa, M.

AU - Sonoda, Y.

AU - Suzuki, Y.

AU - Takeda, A.

AU - Takemoto, Y.

AU - Takenaka, A.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Watanabe, S.

AU - Yano, T.

AU - Han, S.

AU - Kajita, T.

AU - Okumura, K.

AU - Tashiro, T.

AU - Tomiya, T.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Megias, G. D.

AU - Fernandez, P.

AU - Labarga, L.

AU - Ospina, N.

AU - Zaldivar, B.

AU - Pointon, B. W.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Bian, J.

AU - Wilking, M. J.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

PY - 2023/5/1

Y1 - 2023/5/1

N2 - Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

AB - Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive isotopes. These are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale neutrinos and searches for rare events. In 2020, gadolinium was introduced into the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium loading. The yield was found to be (2.76±0.02(stat)±0.19(syst))×10-4 μ-1 g-1 cm2 at an average muon energy 259 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande detector.

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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevD.107.092009

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85162266078

SN - 2470-0010

VL - 107

JO - Physical Review D

JF - Physical Review D

IS - 9

M1 - 092009

ER -

Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water

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