Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO

M. Ambrosio; R. Antolini; C. Aramo; G. Auriemma; A. Baldini; G. C. Barbarino; B. C. Barish; G. Battistoni; R. Bellotti; C. Bemporad; P. Bernardini; H. Bilokon; V. Bisi; C. Bloise; C. Bower; S. Bussino; F. Cafagna; M. Calicchio; D. Campana; M. Carboni; M. Castellano; S. Cecchini; F. Cei; V. Chiarella; B. C. Choudhary; S. Coutu; L. de Benedictis; G. de Cataldo; H. Dekhissi; C. de Marzo; I. de Mitri; J. Derkaoui; M. de Vincenzi; A. di Credico; O. Erriquez; C. Favuzzi; C. Forti; P. Fusco; G. Giacomelli; G. Giannini; N. Giglietto; M. Giorgini; M. Grassi; L. Gray; A. Grillo; F. Guarino; P. Guarnaccia; C. Gustavino; A. Habig; K. Hanson; A. Hawthorne; R. Heinz; Y. Huang; E. Iarocci; E. Katsavounidis; I. Katsavounidis; E. Kearns; H. Kim; S. Kyriazopoulou; E. Lamanna; C. Lane; D. S. Levin; P. Lipari; N. P. Longley; M. J. Longo; F. Maaroufi; G. Mancarella; G. Mandrioli; S. Manzoor; A. Margiotta Neri; A. Marini; D. Martello; A. Marzari-Chiesa; M. N. Mazziotta; C. Mazzotta; D. G. Michael; S. Mikheyev; L. Miller; P. Monacelli; T. Montaruli; M. Monteno; S. Mufson; J. Musser; D. Nicolo; R. Nolty; C. Okada; C. Orth; G. Osteria; M. Ouchrif; O. Palamara; V. Patera; L. Patrizii; R. Pazzi; C. W. Peck; S. Petrera; P. Pistilli; V. Popa; V. Pugliese; A. Raino; J. Reynoldson; F. Ronga; U. Rubizzo; A. Sanzgiri; C. Satriano; L. Satta; E. Scapparone; K. Scholberg; A. Sciubba; P. Serra-Lugaresi; M. Severi; M. Sioli; M. Sitta; P. Spinelli; M. Spinetti; M. Spurio; R. Steinberg; J. L. Stone; L. R. Sulak; A. Surdo; G. Tarle; V. Togo; D. Ugolotti; M. Vakili; C. W. Walter; R. Webb

doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO

M. Ambrosio, R. Antolini, C. Aramo, G. Auriemma, A. Baldini, G. C. Barbarino, B. C. Barish, G. Battistoni, R. Bellotti, C. Bemporad, P. Bernardini, H. Bilokon, V. Bisi, C. Bloise, C. Bower, S. Bussino, F. Cafagna, M. Calicchio, D. Campana, M. CarboniM. Castellano, S. Cecchini, F. Cei, V. Chiarella, B. C. Choudhary, S. Coutu, L. de Benedictis, G. de Cataldo, H. Dekhissi, C. de Marzo, I. de Mitri, J. Derkaoui, M. de Vincenzi, A. di Credico, O. Erriquez, C. Favuzzi, C. Forti, P. Fusco, G. Giacomelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, M. Giorgini, M. Grassi, L. Gray, A. Grillo, F. Guarino, P. Guarnaccia, C. Gustavino, A. Habig, K. Hanson, A. Hawthorne, R. Heinz, Y. Huang, E. Iarocci, E. Katsavounidis, I. Katsavounidis, E. Kearns, H. Kim, S. Kyriazopoulou, E. Lamanna, C. Lane, D. S. Levin, P. Lipari, N. P. Longley, M. J. Longo, F. Maaroufi, G. Mancarella, G. Mandrioli, S. Manzoor, A. Margiotta Neri, A. Marini, D. Martello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, M. N. Mazziotta, C. Mazzotta, D. G. Michael, S. Mikheyev, L. Miller, P. Monacelli, T. Montaruli, M. Monteno, S. Mufson, J. Musser, D. Nicolo, R. Nolty, C. Okada, C. Orth, G. Osteria, M. Ouchrif, O. Palamara, V. Patera, L. Patrizii, R. Pazzi, C. W. Peck, S. Petrera, P. Pistilli, V. Popa, V. Pugliese, A. Raino, J. Reynoldson, F. Ronga, U. Rubizzo, A. Sanzgiri, C. Satriano, L. Satta, E. Scapparone, K. Scholberg, A. Sciubba, P. Serra-Lugaresi, M. Severi, M. Sioli, M. Sitta, P. Spinelli, M. Spinetti, M. Spurio, R. Steinberg, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, A. Surdo, G. Tarle, V. Togo, D. Ugolotti, M. Vakili, C. W. Walter, R. Webb

Physics & Astronomy (Duluth)

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398 Scopus citations

Abstract

We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (< E_ν > ∼ 100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith angles is 0.74 ± 0.036 (stat) ± 0.046 (systematic) ± 0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for -1.0 ≤ cosθ ≤ -0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for χ² of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations. We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin²2θ = 1.0 and Δm² of a few times 10^-3 eV². However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations, giving a maximum probability for χ² of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	451-457
Number of pages	7
Journal	Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics
Volume	434
Issue number	3-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5
State	Published - Aug 27 1998

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staffs of all the participating Institutions. For generous financial contributions we thank the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, both for direct support and for FAI grants awarded to non-Italian MACRO collaborators.

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10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

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Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Aramo, C., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., ... Webb, R. (1998). Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO. Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, 434(3-4), 451-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Aramo, C, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Barbarino, GC, Barish, BC, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, BC, Coutu, S, de Benedictis, L, de Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, de Marzo, C, de Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, de Vincenzi, M, di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Huang, Y, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, DS, Lipari, P, Longley, NP, Longo, MJ, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Margiotta Neri, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, MN, Mazzotta, C, Michael, DG, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Ouchrif, M, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, CW, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Pugliese, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra-Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Ugolotti, D, Vakili, M, Walter, CW & Webb, R 1998, 'Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO', Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics, vol. 434, no. 3-4, pp. 451-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

@article{70659a81296542f89ce0603d7f312fe9,

title = "Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO",

abstract = "We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (< Eν > ∼ 100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith angles is 0.74 ± 0.036 (stat) ± 0.046 (systematic) ± 0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for -1.0 ≤ cosθ ≤ -0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations. We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin22θ = 1.0 and Δm2 of a few times 10-3 eV2. However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment.",

author = "M. Ambrosio and R. Antolini and C. Aramo and G. Auriemma and A. Baldini and Barbarino, {G. C.} and Barish, {B. C.} and G. Battistoni and R. Bellotti and C. Bemporad and P. Bernardini and H. Bilokon and V. Bisi and C. Bloise and C. Bower and S. Bussino and F. Cafagna and M. Calicchio and D. Campana and M. Carboni and M. Castellano and S. Cecchini and F. Cei and V. Chiarella and Choudhary, {B. C.} and S. Coutu and {de Benedictis}, L. and {de Cataldo}, G. and H. Dekhissi and {de Marzo}, C. and {de Mitri}, I. and J. Derkaoui and {de Vincenzi}, M. and {di Credico}, A. and O. Erriquez and C. Favuzzi and C. Forti and P. Fusco and G. Giacomelli and G. Giannini and N. Giglietto and M. Giorgini and M. Grassi and L. Gray and A. Grillo and F. Guarino and P. Guarnaccia and C. Gustavino and A. Habig and K. Hanson and A. Hawthorne and R. Heinz and Y. Huang and E. Iarocci and E. Katsavounidis and I. Katsavounidis and E. Kearns and H. Kim and S. Kyriazopoulou and E. Lamanna and C. Lane and Levin, {D. S.} and P. Lipari and Longley, {N. P.} and Longo, {M. J.} and F. Maaroufi and G. Mancarella and G. Mandrioli and S. Manzoor and {Margiotta Neri}, A. and A. Marini and D. Martello and A. Marzari-Chiesa and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and C. Mazzotta and Michael, {D. G.} and S. Mikheyev and L. Miller and P. Monacelli and T. Montaruli and M. Monteno and S. Mufson and J. Musser and D. Nicolo and R. Nolty and C. Okada and C. Orth and G. Osteria and M. Ouchrif and O. Palamara and V. Patera and L. Patrizii and R. Pazzi and Peck, {C. W.} and S. Petrera and P. Pistilli and V. Popa and V. Pugliese and A. Raino and J. Reynoldson and F. Ronga and U. Rubizzo and A. Sanzgiri and C. Satriano and L. Satta and E. Scapparone and K. Scholberg and A. Sciubba and P. Serra-Lugaresi and M. Severi and M. Sioli and M. Sitta and P. Spinelli and M. Spinetti and M. Spurio and R. Steinberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and A. Surdo and G. Tarle and V. Togo and D. Ugolotti and M. Vakili and Walter, {C. W.} and R. Webb",

note = "Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staffs of all the participating Institutions. For generous financial contributions we thank the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, both for direct support and for FAI grants awarded to non-Italian MACRO collaborators.",

year = "1998",

month = aug,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "434",

pages = "451--457",

journal = "Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics",

issn = "0370-2693",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "3-4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO

AU - Ambrosio, M.

AU - Antolini, R.

AU - Aramo, C.

AU - Auriemma, G.

AU - Baldini, A.

AU - Barbarino, G. C.

AU - Barish, B. C.

AU - Battistoni, G.

AU - Bellotti, R.

AU - Bemporad, C.

AU - Bernardini, P.

AU - Bilokon, H.

AU - Bisi, V.

AU - Bloise, C.

AU - Bower, C.

AU - Bussino, S.

AU - Cafagna, F.

AU - Calicchio, M.

AU - Campana, D.

AU - Carboni, M.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Cecchini, S.

AU - Cei, F.

AU - Chiarella, V.

AU - Choudhary, B. C.

AU - Coutu, S.

AU - de Benedictis, L.

AU - de Cataldo, G.

AU - Dekhissi, H.

AU - de Marzo, C.

AU - de Mitri, I.

AU - Derkaoui, J.

AU - de Vincenzi, M.

AU - di Credico, A.

AU - Erriquez, O.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Forti, C.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Giacomelli, G.

AU - Giannini, G.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giorgini, M.

AU - Grassi, M.

AU - Gray, L.

AU - Grillo, A.

AU - Guarino, F.

AU - Guarnaccia, P.

AU - Gustavino, C.

AU - Habig, A.

AU - Hanson, K.

AU - Hawthorne, A.

AU - Heinz, R.

AU - Huang, Y.

AU - Iarocci, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, E.

AU - Katsavounidis, I.

AU - Kearns, E.

AU - Kim, H.

AU - Kyriazopoulou, S.

AU - Lamanna, E.

AU - Lane, C.

AU - Levin, D. S.

AU - Lipari, P.

AU - Longley, N. P.

AU - Longo, M. J.

AU - Maaroufi, F.

AU - Mancarella, G.

AU - Mandrioli, G.

AU - Manzoor, S.

AU - Margiotta Neri, A.

AU - Marini, A.

AU - Martello, D.

AU - Marzari-Chiesa, A.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - Mazzotta, C.

AU - Michael, D. G.

AU - Mikheyev, S.

AU - Miller, L.

AU - Monacelli, P.

AU - Montaruli, T.

AU - Monteno, M.

AU - Mufson, S.

AU - Musser, J.

AU - Nicolo, D.

AU - Nolty, R.

AU - Okada, C.

AU - Orth, C.

AU - Osteria, G.

AU - Ouchrif, M.

AU - Palamara, O.

AU - Patera, V.

AU - Patrizii, L.

AU - Pazzi, R.

AU - Peck, C. W.

AU - Petrera, S.

AU - Pistilli, P.

AU - Popa, V.

AU - Pugliese, V.

AU - Raino, A.

AU - Reynoldson, J.

AU - Ronga, F.

AU - Rubizzo, U.

AU - Sanzgiri, A.

AU - Satriano, C.

AU - Satta, L.

AU - Scapparone, E.

AU - Scholberg, K.

AU - Sciubba, A.

AU - Serra-Lugaresi, P.

AU - Severi, M.

AU - Sioli, M.

AU - Sitta, M.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Spinetti, M.

AU - Spurio, M.

AU - Steinberg, R.

AU - Stone, J. L.

AU - Sulak, L. R.

AU - Surdo, A.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Togo, V.

AU - Ugolotti, D.

AU - Vakili, M.

AU - Walter, C. W.

AU - Webb, R.

N1 - Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the staff of the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and the invaluable assistance of the technical staffs of all the participating Institutions. For generous financial contributions we thank the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, both for direct support and for FAI grants awarded to non-Italian MACRO collaborators.

PY - 1998/8/27

Y1 - 1998/8/27

N2 - We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (< Eν > ∼ 100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith angles is 0.74 ± 0.036 (stat) ± 0.046 (systematic) ± 0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for -1.0 ≤ cosθ ≤ -0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations. We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin22θ = 1.0 and Δm2 of a few times 10-3 eV2. However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment.

AB - We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (< Eν > ∼ 100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith angles is 0.74 ± 0.036 (stat) ± 0.046 (systematic) ± 0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for -1.0 ≤ cosθ ≤ -0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations. We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin22θ = 1.0 and Δm2 of a few times 10-3 eV2. However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations, giving a maximum probability for χ2 of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4243515176&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=4243515176&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

DO - 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00885-5

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:4243515176

SN - 0370-2693

VL - 434

SP - 451

EP - 457

JO - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

JF - Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

IS - 3-4

ER -

Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO

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