Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

Michael W. Coughlin; Alessio Cirone; Patrick Meyers; Sho Atsuta; Valerio Boschi; Andrea Chincarini; Nelson L. Christensen; Rosario De Rosa; Anamaria Effler; Irene Fiori; Mark Gołkowski; Melissa Guidry; Jan Harms; Kazuhiro Hayama; Yuu Kataoka; Jerzy Kubisz; Andrzej Kulak; Michael Laxen; Andrew Matas; Janusz Mlynarczyk; Tsutomu Ogawa; Federico Paoletti; Jacobo Salvador; Robert Schofield; Kentaro Somiya; Eric Thrane

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102007

Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

Michael W. Coughlin, Alessio Cirone, Patrick Meyers, Sho Atsuta, Valerio Boschi, Andrea Chincarini, Nelson L. Christensen, Rosario De Rosa, Anamaria Effler, Irene Fiori, Mark Gołkowski, Melissa Guidry, Jan Harms, Kazuhiro Hayama, Yuu Kataoka, Jerzy Kubisz, Andrzej Kulak, Michael Laxen, Andrew Matas, Janusz MlynarczykTsutomu Ogawa, Federico Paoletti, Jacobo Salvador, Robert Schofield, Kentaro Somiya, Eric Thrane

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	102007
Journal	Physical Review D
Volume	97
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102007
State	Published - May 15 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian O’Reilly for a careful reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the LIGO Observatories, European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), and KAGRA for technical support. The magnetic field measurement in Kamioka was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Center program of Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. The authors also would like to thank Christina Daniel, Margarita Vidreo, and Julia Kruk, who helped bury the LHO site magnetometers, both during the site selection process and the final installation. M. C. was supported by the David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology. A. C. is supported by the INFN Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Genova. N. C.’s work is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1505373. E. T. is supported through ARC FT150100281. J. K., A. K., and J. M. were supported by the National Science Center, Poland, under Grant No. 2012/04/M/ST10/00565.

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© 2018 American Physical Society.

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Coughlin, M. W., Cirone, A., Meyers, P., Atsuta, S., Boschi, V., Chincarini, A., Christensen, N. L., De Rosa, R., Effler, A., Fiori, I., Gołkowski, M., Guidry, M., Harms, J., Hayama, K., Kataoka, Y., Kubisz, J., Kulak, A., Laxen, M., Matas, A., ... Thrane, E. (2018). Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers. Physical Review D, 97(10), [102007]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102007

Coughlin, MW, Cirone, A, Meyers, P, Atsuta, S, Boschi, V, Chincarini, A, Christensen, NL, De Rosa, R, Effler, A, Fiori, I, Gołkowski, M, Guidry, M, Harms, J, Hayama, K, Kataoka, Y, Kubisz, J, Kulak, A, Laxen, M, Matas, A, Mlynarczyk, J, Ogawa, T, Paoletti, F, Salvador, J, Schofield, R, Somiya, K & Thrane, E 2018, 'Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers', Physical Review D, vol. 97, no. 10, 102007. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102007

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title = "Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers",

abstract = "Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.",

author = "Coughlin, {Michael W.} and Alessio Cirone and Patrick Meyers and Sho Atsuta and Valerio Boschi and Andrea Chincarini and Christensen, {Nelson L.} and {De Rosa}, Rosario and Anamaria Effler and Irene Fiori and Mark Go{\l}kowski and Melissa Guidry and Jan Harms and Kazuhiro Hayama and Yuu Kataoka and Jerzy Kubisz and Andrzej Kulak and Michael Laxen and Andrew Matas and Janusz Mlynarczyk and Tsutomu Ogawa and Federico Paoletti and Jacobo Salvador and Robert Schofield and Kentaro Somiya and Eric Thrane",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian O{\textquoteright}Reilly for a careful reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the LIGO Observatories, European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), and KAGRA for technical support. The magnetic field measurement in Kamioka was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Center program of Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. The authors also would like to thank Christina Daniel, Margarita Vidreo, and Julia Kruk, who helped bury the LHO site magnetometers, both during the site selection process and the final installation. M. C. was supported by the David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology. A. C. is supported by the INFN Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Genova. N. C.{\textquoteright}s work is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1505373. E. T. is supported through ARC FT150100281. J. K., A. K., and J. M. were supported by the National Science Center, Poland, under Grant No. 2012/04/M/ST10/00565. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 American Physical Society.",

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T1 - Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

AU - Coughlin, Michael W.

AU - Cirone, Alessio

AU - Meyers, Patrick

AU - Atsuta, Sho

AU - Boschi, Valerio

AU - Chincarini, Andrea

AU - Christensen, Nelson L.

AU - De Rosa, Rosario

AU - Effler, Anamaria

AU - Fiori, Irene

AU - Gołkowski, Mark

AU - Guidry, Melissa

AU - Harms, Jan

AU - Hayama, Kazuhiro

AU - Kataoka, Yuu

AU - Kubisz, Jerzy

AU - Kulak, Andrzej

AU - Laxen, Michael

AU - Matas, Andrew

AU - Mlynarczyk, Janusz

AU - Ogawa, Tsutomu

AU - Paoletti, Federico

AU - Salvador, Jacobo

AU - Schofield, Robert

AU - Somiya, Kentaro

AU - Thrane, Eric

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr. Brian O’Reilly for a careful reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the LIGO Observatories, European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), and KAGRA for technical support. The magnetic field measurement in Kamioka was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Center program of Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo. The authors also would like to thank Christina Daniel, Margarita Vidreo, and Julia Kruk, who helped bury the LHO site magnetometers, both during the site selection process and the final installation. M. C. was supported by the David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral Fellowship at the California Institute of Technology. A. C. is supported by the INFN Doctoral Fellowship at the University of Genova. N. C.’s work is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1505373. E. T. is supported through ARC FT150100281. J. K., A. K., and J. M. were supported by the National Science Center, Poland, under Grant No. 2012/04/M/ST10/00565. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 American Physical Society.

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N2 - Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.

AB - Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.

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Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

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